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BIOMEDICAL  LIBRARY 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA,  SAN  DIEGO 

LA  JOLLA,  CALIFORNIA 


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PRINTED  IN  U.S.A. 

3   1822  01137  3651 


UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY 

University  of  California,  San  Diego 

DATE  DUE 

Series  0380 

1 

^> 


u 


A  HISTORY 


FIRST  QUARTER  OF  THE  SECOND  CENTURY 


PENNSYLVANIA  HOSPITAL 


UEAD  BEFORE  THE  BOARD  OF  MANAGERS  AT  THEIR  STATED 
MEETING  HELD  9th  MO.  25th,  1876, 


BY 

J.FORSYTH    MEIGS, M.D. 


Published  by  the  Board  of  Managers. 


PHILADELPHIA: 
COLLINS,    PRINTER,  TOf)    JAYNE   STREET. 

1877. 


PREFACE. 


In  the  year  1851,  Dv,  George  B.  Wood  prepared,  ut  the 
request  of  the  Managers  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  a 
history  of  the  first  hundred  3'ears  of  the  Institution. 

At  the  close  of  the  year  1875,  the  Managers,  in  view  of 
the  approaching  celehration  in  the  year  1876,  in  this  city,  of 
the  hundredth  year  of  the  nation,  deemed  it  wise  to  have 
the  liistory  of  the  Hospital  continued  to  that  period.  The 
following  sketch  of  the  first  quarter  of  the  second  century 
of  the  Institution  (1851-1876)  is  the  fruit  of  this  action  of 
the  Managers. 

In  preparing  this  history,  the  writer  has  endeavored  to 
demonstrate  to  the  reader  the  strict  integrity  and  the  close 
economy  with  which  the  aftairs  of  the  Institution  have  been 
administered.  By  doing  this  he  hoped  to  show  that  to  this 
Hospital,  the  charitable  might  safely  entrust  their  gifts,  in 
the  sure  confidence  that  their  oftering  would  not  be  lost  nor 
misapplied. 

J.  FORSYTH  MEIGS. 


ADDRESS. 


At  a  stated  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Managers  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  held  27th  December, 
1875,  the  following  preamble  and  resolutions  were 
adopted : — 

Whereas,  It  is  believed  that  benefit  would  result 
from  bringing  up  the  history  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospital  as  a  supplement  to  the  able  Centennial 
Address  delivered  by  Prof  Wood  in  1851,  to  the 
present  time,  thereby  furnishing  our  contributors  and 
fellow-citizens  with  a  correct  statement  of  what  has 
been  done  by  our  venerable  lugtitution ;  and — 

Whereas,  We  think  there  is  no  one  more  competent 
to  perform  the  task  than  our  senior  attending  Physi- 
cian, Dr.  J.  Forsyth  Meigs  :  therefore, 

Itesolved,  That  he  be  respectfully  invited  to  under- 
take the  work,  in  order  that  we  may  be  kept  in 
remembrance  by  the  very  large  number  of  our  friends, 
as  well  as  to  make  ourselves  known  to  those  who  are 
strangers  to  our  just  claims  upon  all  who  can  sympa- 
thize with  the  afflicted. 

Mesolved,  That  a  Committee  be  appointed  to  aid 
Dr.  Meigs  in  obtaining  all  the  information  he  may 
require,  to  furnish  a  correct  list  of  our  officers  to 


1S7'».  aiul  Id  sii|H>riiilriul  ihe  puhlicalion.  The  Presi- 
(Iriit  nanu'il  tlu'  Ibllowinn-  in(.'inl)ers  as  the  Committee, 
\\/..:  A\c\.  IVuliUe,  fIose])h  H.  Towiiseiid,  Samuel 
AVcl>h,  SainiR'l  Mason,  T.  Wistar  Brown. 

Sioned  hy  the  President  and  Secretary  on  behalf 
of  the  Board. 

William  Biddle,  President, 
Benjamij^  H.  Shoemaker,  Secretary. 

On  receiving  notice  of  the  action  of  the  Board  of 
Managers,  I  gladly  undertook  the  task,  having  been 
connected  with  the  Institution  for  a  number  of  years, 
first  as  resident  physician,  and  then  as  one  of  the 
attending  physicians,  and  having  always  felt  towards 
it  a  great  tenderness  and  interest. 

My  predecessor,  in  writing  the  history  of  this 
noble  charity,  concluded  with  the  year  1851,  the  end 
of  the  first  century  of  its  existence.  Those  who  wish 
to  see  from  how  small  a  germ  this  now  extensive  and 
most  useful  Institution  has  grown,  should  consult 
Prof.  "Wood's  interesting  address.  It  carries  us  back 
to  the  days  of  colonial  life,  when  loyal  adherence  to 
the  King  was  one  of  the  moral  laws,  and  when  a 
small  town  marked  the  origin  of  this  vast  city.  It 
carries  us  through  the  war  of  the  Revolution,  the 
separation  from  the  mother  country,  and  the  conver- 
sion of  a  colonial  Province  into  a  great  and  indepen- 
dent State,  amidst  all  which  changes  the  Hospital 
continued  its  good  work,  though  often  under  much 
distress  for  ways  and  means. 


In  1851  the  Hospital,  wliich,  up  to  the  year  1841, 
consisted  of  but  one  department,  in  which  the  sick 
and  wounded  and  insane  were  received  and  treated  in 
a  single  building,  had  been  divided  for  ten  years 
(1811)  into  two  departments,  that  for  the  sick  and 
wounded  in  the  city  building,  and  that  for  the  insane 
at  the  new  establishment  in  AVest  Philadelphia. 

These  two  departments,  I  beg  the  reader  clearly  to 
understand,  are  one  and  the  same  Hospital,  acting 
under  the  one  original  charter,  granted  by  the  Pro- 
vincial Assembly  of  the  Pennsylvania  Province  in 
1751,  managed  and  governed  by  the  same  Board  of 
Managers.  The  two  are  but  different  members  of 
the  one  body,  having  the  same  interests,  an  equal 
pride  in  success,  and  equal  grief  in  times  of  distress, 
each  one  assisting  the  other  when  assistance  is 
needed,  and  both  aiding  in  the  one  common  object, 
the  relief  and  cure  of  the  sick,  wounded,  and  insane. 
These  facts  I  insist  upon,  because  there  has  been,  it  is 
said,  a  feehng  of  jealousy  in  the  minds  of  some,  since 
the  separation  into  two  departments,  as  to  the  relative 
importance  of  the  one  or  the  other.  And  yet  this 
feeling  ought  not  to  exist,  for  in  the  charter  it  is 
written  that  the  Hospital  is  intended  "for  the  recep- 
tion and  rehef  of  lunaticks,  and  other  distempered  and 
sick  now  within  this  Province."  The  Managers  were 
compelled,  therefore,  to  provide  for  the  care  of  the 
insane.  The  charter,  indeed,  puts  the  "lunaticks" 
first  in  the  order  of  enumeration.  Whether  this 
phraseology  of  the  deed  were  accidental,  as  is  most 
probable,  or  intentional,  it  is  impossible  to  sav.     Dr. 


Franklin,  wlio  had  so  nuu-li  to  do  with  the  foundation 
oC  the  llo>[)ital,  i;-ives,  in  his  autobiography,  a  short 
history  of  its  inception,  saying-  that  in  1751,  "  Dr. 
Thos.  Bond,  a  i>articuhir  friend  of  mine,  conceived 
the  idea  of  estabHshing  a  liospital  in  Pliiladelphia  (a 
very  beneficent  design,  which  has  been  attributed  to 
me,  but  "Nvas  originally  his)  for  the. reception  and  cure 
of  sick  persons,  whether  inhabitants  of  the  Province 
or  strangers."  Here  we  have  the  germ-idea  of  the 
Hospital,  and,  doubtless,  wdiat  Drs.  Bond  and  Frank- 
lin thouo-ht  of  at  the  moment  was  the  whole  bodv  of 
sick  poor. 

At  first,  all  the  patients  were  treated  in  one  build- 
ing; for  who,  more  than  a  century  ago,  understood 
the  true  methods  of  treatment  and  cure  of  the  insane  ? 
But,  as  time  went  on  and  knowledge  grew,  the  mana- 
gers and  the  medical  staff  of  the  Hospital  learned,  by 
degrees,  that  the  treatment  of  insane  persons  required 
other  accommodations,  other  surroundings  and  in- 
fluences, than  those  which  could  be  obtained  within 
the  narrow  bounds  of  one  square  of  ground,  in  the 
heart  of  a  great  city. 

But  all  this  mil  be  told  hereafter.  "What  I  now  wish 
ao-ain  to  impress  upon  the  reader,  is  the  fact  that  the 
Hospital  is  but  one,  and  that  my  duty  mil  be  to  trace 
the  history  of  its  two  departments  from  the  year  1851, 
the  end  of  the  first  century  of  its  existence,  to  the 
present  year  .1876,  the  first  Centennial  year  of  the 
nation. 

In  the  year  1851,  when  my  history  is  to  begin,  ten 
years  after  the  separation  of  the  two  departments,  the 


Managers  were  busil}^  engaged  in  completing  some 
very  important  changes  in  the  city  Hospital,  to  fit  it  for 
what  was,  in  the  fnture,  to  be  its  portion  of  the  great 
work  of  the  Institution,  the  care  of  the  sick  and 
wounded.  Already,  the  west  wing,  which,  prior  to 
the  year  1841,  was  dev^oted  to  the  insane  patients, 
had  been  completely  remodelled,  so  as  to  make  two 
admirable  wards,  the  lower  story  devoted  to  the 
Women's  Surgical,  the  upper  to  the  Women's  Medi- 
cal wards.  The  long  corridors  connecting  the  centre 
building  with  the  Avestern  wing,  are  built  with  alcoves 
on  each  side,  each  alcove  containing  two  beds,  and 
allowing  the  inmates,  by  means  of  a  curtain  hung 
aci'oss  the  opening  into  the  corridor,  to  enjoy  a  cer- 
tain amount  of  privacy,  the  possession  of  which  is 
to  some  of  the  more  sensitive  patients  a  great  luxury. 

Each  of  these  wai-ds  has  its  own  bath-rooms,  water- 
closets,  and  a  ward-kitchen,  in  which  latter  can  be 
prepared  any  special  food  that  may  be  necessary. 

In  1851,  the  west  Aving  Avas,  as  I  have  said,  finished, 
and  the  centre  building  also  had  been  greatly  modi- 
fied. Amongst  other  changes,  the  ncAV  Library  had 
been  built,  from  what  had  been  previously  the  Wo- 
meu's  Medical  Wards.  The  east  Aving  Avas  being 
remodelled.  The  long  Avard,  connecting  the  centre 
Avith  the  wing  fronting  on  Eighth  Street,  AA^as  taken 
doAvn,  and  the  tAVo  long  Avards  erected,  as  they 
noAV  stand.  These  Avards  have  no  alcoves  like  those 
of  the  Avest  Aving.  The  east  Aving  Avas  not  taken 
down,  but  considerable  changes  Avere  made  in  it. 
This  part  of  the  house  Avas  devoted  to  the  male  pa- 


G 

tii'iils,  tlic  lower  stories  to  surg-ieal,  and  the  upper  to 
inotlieal  i)atients.  They  are  exeellent  Avards,  and  are 
heated,  ventilated,  and  ])rovided  Avith  bath-rooms, 
"vvater-closets,  and  kitchens  like  the  west  wing;.  The 
rejiairs  to,  and  other  changes,  made  in  the  centre 
buildino-,  and  the  east  wino-,  in  1851  and  1852,  cost 
^59,91:9.r)9.  The  cost  of  repairing-  the  Avest  Aving  in 
1846-47  Avas  $17,865.28,  and  that  of  fitting  up  the 
library  AA^as  $3146.35.  The  latter  expense  was  paid 
out  of  the  medical  fund. 

Another  chano-e  made  in  1851  AA^as  the  closing-  of 
the  lying-in  AA^ard,  at  first  for  the  purpose  of  making* 
I'oom  for  the  other  patients  during  the  repairs  to  the 
main  buildings.  The  AA^ard  AA^as  finally  closed  by  a 
A'ote  of  the  Board  in  1853.  It  had  cost  $20,000  more 
than  its  AA'hoIe  fund,  principal  and  interest.  More- 
OA^er,  there  had  been  several  recurrences  of  puerperal 
fever  amongst  the  patients,  and  it  Avas  feared  that  these 
visitations  had  some  connection  Avith  the  surgical 
wards,  and  possibly  Avith  the  post-mortem  examina- 
tions, which  the  resident  ph3"sicians  Avere  compelled 
to  make. 

Besides  the  centre  and  main  buildings  there  is  quite 
a  large  house  in  the  northeastern  portion  of  the  hos- 
pital square,  which  has  long  been  knoAvn  as  the 
Xorth  House.  This  building  has  three  stories,  and 
has  had  for  many  years  a  w^ard  for  syphilitic  cases, 
and  another  for  colored  male  patients.  Within  a 
very  few  years,  as  I  shall  have  occasion  to  tell,  one 
of  the  loAA'er  rooms  of  this  house  has  been  converted 
into  a  Recent-Accident  Avard.     This  buildino-  has  its 


own  proper  bath-rooms,  water-closets,  and  kitchen. 
It  is  even  now  proposed  to  pull  down  this  old  and  not 
conveniently  arranged  building,  and  remodel  and 
enlarge  it,  or  to  erect  a  new  one  to  serve  its  pre- 
sent purposes,  and  to  be  used  also  for  the  out-door 
l^atient  or  dispensary  department,  which  has  grown 
into  very  considerable  importance  within  a  few  j^ears 
past.  On  the  northwestern  portion  of  the  square  is 
another  quite  large  building,  which  was  originally  a 
stable  and  cow-house,  the  upper  story  of  which  has 
been  fitted  np  into  wards  which,  though  low,  imper- 
fectly lighted,  heated,  and  ventilated,  can  be,  and 
have  been,  temporarily  used  to  receive  the  patients 
from  the  other  wards,  when  the  latter  had  to  be 
vacated  for  the  purpose  of  cleaning,  painting,  or 
repairs.  The  building  on  Spruce  Street,  which  had 
been  erected  to  receive  West's  famous  picture  of 
Christ  healing  the  sick,  was,  when  this  picture  was 
removed  to  the  Academy  of  Fine  Arts,  leased  to 
the  College  of  Physicians.  When  the  College  re- 
moved to  their  new  building,  the  picture-house,  as  it 
was  called,  was  leased  to  the  Historical  Society. 

I  pass  on  now  to  the  general  history  of  the  city  de- 
partment of  the  Hospital,  that  for  the  sick  and 
wounded,  during  the  last  twenty-five  years  (since 
1851).  In  doing  this  I  shall  show  that  this  depart- 
ment has  been  on  the  whole  growing  steadily  in  use- 
fulness, and  in  its  means  for  doing  good,  and  I  shall 
show,  too,  Avhat  great  difficulties  have  been  met  and 
overcome  by  the  managers — how,  during,  and  since 
the  war,  the  expenses  of  the  department  have  con- 


8 

st;mtly  outrun  the  iuc-omt'  of  the  >\li()le  vested  capital 
i»l'  the  institution,  and  how  the  nianaofers  have  been 
compelled  to  ap})eal  to  the  public  for  tl\e  means  of 
l)ayingthe  annual  expenses. 

The  number  of  patients  received  into  the  wards  has 
been  increasing.  In  the  five  years  from  1851  to  1855 
inclusive,  the  whole  number  was  8845,  of  which  num- 
ber (3117  "were  on  the  free  list,  and  1728  were  pay 
])atients,  making  a  percentage  of  72  free.  From  1872 
to  1876,  inclusive,  the  whole  number  received  was 
9250,  of  which  7088  were  free,  and  2163  pa}^,  or  76 
percentage  of  poor. 

In  the  report  for  the  year  1856,  the  managers  call 
attention  to  the  increasing  demands  made  upon  this 
department,  owing  to  the  growth  of  the  population 
of  the  city  from  20,000,  when  the  Hospital  began 
its  career,  to  500,000,  at  that  time.  They  state  that, 
had  they  the  funds  to  defray  the  expenses  of  an 
increased  number  of  patients,  they  have  ample  accom- 
modations for  seventy-five  additional  in  the  wards. 
One  special  cause  of  the  difiiculty  in  which  the 
hospital  was  now  placed  for  funds,  was  the  singular, 
and  ver}^  great,  increase  in  the  cost  of  provisions. 
The  managers  state,  that  within  ten  years,  the  outlay 
for  provisions  had  increased  75  per  cent.,  and  yet 
this  was  some  years  before  the  war  began,  to  which 
has  been  generally  attributed  the  rise  in  the  cost  of 
food,  which  has  oppressed  us  all. 

In  the  same  year  a  Committee  on  Retrenchment 
was  appointed  by  the  Board.  This  Committee  met 
several  times,  and  had  a  synopsis  of  the  statistics  of 


9 

the  house,  for  the  previous  ten  years,  prepared  by  the 
Steward.  From  this  it  appeared  "  that  the  number 
of  patients  on  the  poor-list  (other  than  recent  acci- 
dents) continues  to  average  about  seventy  daily; 
there  has  been  no  increase  of  them,  while  of  recent 
accidents  the  number  has  nearly  doubled,  there  being 
twenty-nine  in  18^6,  since  gradually  increasing,  until 
now  the  average  is  fifty-six.  This  will  partially 
account  for  the  very  greatly  increased  expenses  of 
the  Institution,  as  such  cases  are  very  costly  in  the 
appliances  used,  and  the  stimulants,  medicines,  and 
diet  that  are  required."  During  this  period  (1846  to 
1856)  the  number  of  patients  increased  from  111  to 
166,  and  the  whole  number  of  inmates  of  the  house 
from  150  to  211.  The  annual  expenditiu'es  had  been 
in  1816,  $15,909.47 ;  in  1856,  they  were  $36,741.04. 
The  drafts  on  the  Treasurer  had  increased  from 
$12,200  per  annum  to  $25,000.  The  Committee 
concluded  that  the  chief  reasons  for  these  largely  in- 
creased expenditures,  were  the  increased  size  of  the 
flimily,  the  great  number  of  recent  accidents,  and  the 
high  price  of  provisions  and  food. 

These  facts — that  the  expenses  had  considerably 
more  than  doubled,  whilst  the  number  of  patients  had 
increased  but  little  over  one-third — will  explain  how 
difficult  a  task  the  Managers  had  before  thorn.  The 
endowment  fund  was  growing  very  slowl}^  but  the 
expenses  had  more  than  doubled,  and  the  number  of 
patients  increased  but  little  over  a  third.  What  were 
they  to  do?  More  money  must  bo  raised,  and  we 
slmll  see,  as  we  go  on   with  the  history,  with  what 


10 

]intiont  eouran'o  ;iiul  persovenuK'c,  the  Managers  con- 
tinueil  to  pivss  tlio  causo  upon  the  public. 

In  the  Keport  foi-  1857,  it  is  again  stated  that  the 
income  of  the  Hospital  is  insufficient  for  its  mainte- 
nance, and  thej  appeal  again  forcibly  to  the  public 
for  aid. 

"We  find  the  same  difficulty  constantly  referred  to 
in  the  various  reports.  In  that  for  1861,  regret  is 
again  expressed  that  the  means  of  usefulness  of  the 
cit}'  department  cannot  be  increased.  The  doors  of 
the  Hospital  must  remain  shut  to  man}^  for  the  want 
of  adequate  funds.  The  income  of  the  Hospital,  they 
state,  "is  rednced,  whilst  the  cost  of  support  of  the 
patients,  from  the  high  price  of  provisions  and  sup- 
plies of  all  kinds,  is  much  greater  than  ever  before." 
The  cost  of  fuel  alone  for  the  last  year  had  been 
$11,600  more  than  for  the  year  prior  to  that.  The 
Steward  of  one  of  the  departments,  on  returning  from 
market,  stated  that  he  had  just  paid  $65  for  what  he 
formerly  obtained  for  $35. 

By  this  time,  things  had  reached  such  a  climax 
that  the  means  of  the  Hospital  must  be  increased,  or 
its  expenses  diminished.  The  only  j^ossible  method 
of  lessening  the  expenses,  would  have  been  to  close 
some  of  the  wards,  or  to  limit  to  a  much  lower  point 
than  had  been  the  rule,  the  number  of  admissions. 
Fi'om  the  earliest  period  of  the  history  of  the  Insti- 
tution, one  invariable  practice  had  obtained  in  its 
management,  of  which  the  Managers,  the  Surgical 
and  Medical  Staff,  the  Officers,  all  its  old  personal 
friends,  and  the  whole  public  of  Philadelphia,  were 


11 

proud  with  a  just  and  noble  pride.  This  was  a  rule 
which  had  never  been  departed  from.  It  was  the  law 
of  the  house  that  any  recent  accident,  brought  to  the 
Hospital  w^ithin  tw^enty-four  hours  of  its  occurrence, 
should  be  received  without  question.  I  have  never 
known  this  law  and  custom  to  be  infringed.  It  was 
known  to  all  classes  of  Philadelphia  citizens.  Any 
laborer,  mechanic,  engineer,  or  wayfarer,  nndergoing 
a  surgical  injury  within  twenty-four  hours  of  Phila- 
delphia, was,  nntil  within  a  very  few  years,  carried 
by  universal  acclamation  to  the  Hospital.  When  I 
was  a  mere  boy,  many  times  have  T  seen  a  w^ooden 
settee,  bearing  some  wounded  sufferer,  lifted  upon  the 
shoulders  of  four  men,  being  carried  slowly  and  care- 
fully through  the  streets,  with  its  few  or  many  friends 
attending,  and  with  its  train,  of  course,  of  inevitable 
boys.  I  knew  at  once  what  it  meant,  as  did  all 
passers-by.  "Ah !  some  poor  fellow  has  been  hurt, 
and  they  are  taking  him  to  the  Hospital." 

This  being  the  law^  and  tradition  of  the  Hospital, 
the  Managers  had  but  one  course  before  them :  to 
close  the  medical  wai-ds  entirely,  or  to  diminish  the 
number  both  of  medical  cases,  and  of  surgical  cases, 
other  than  recent  accidents. 

Distant  hints  began  to  be  given  as  to  the  dread 
necessities  which  had  come  upon  the  old  house,  and 
the  possible  closure  of  the  medical  wards  w^as  occa- 
sionally whispered  about. 

But  the  Managers  rose  to  the  occasion,  as  they 
always  had  done  in  the  history  of  this  great  charity. 
And  I  deem  myself  fortunate  in   being   the   man, 


12 

uliosi'  rio-lit  ;nul  diit  v  it  is  lo  say,  that  Philadelphia 
is  jiistilii'd  in  tlic  pride  she  takes  in  the  management 
of  this  Institution.  And  when  its  citizens  shall  see, 
as  I  nm  alwut  to  show  them,  how  the  Managers 
eariied  the  Hospital  over  this  dreary  and  dismal 
time,  they  may  well  say,  "Well  done,  good  and  faith- 
ful servants  ;"  and  they  may,  too,  justly  pride  them- 
selves upon  their  own  liberality  towards  the  Hospital 
on  these  occasions. 

In  18(34,  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the  contributors 
in  the  month  of  May,  the  Managers  applied  for,  and 
received,  authority  to  "  appeal  to  our  fellow-citizens 
in  the  endeavor  to  raise  an  amount  sufficient  to  cover 
the  encroachment  on  our  capital  of  previous  years 
(which  necessity  compelled),  of  some  forty  thousand 
dollars,  as  well  as  the  probable  deficiency  of  the  pre- 
sent 3^ear,  of  at  least  an  equal  sum,  it  being  supposed 
there  W'Ould  be  an  increased  expenditure  necessary  in 
the  cost  of  living,  and  the  result  has  shown  the  cor- 
rectness of  this  opinion." 

The  appeal  was  made,  and,  though  the  applications 
for  money  at  this  time,  in  consequence  of  the  war, 
were  innumarable,  the  Managers  obtained  the  sum  of 
$65,055  by  contributions.  Soon  after  this,  a  strong 
appeal  was  made  by  the  medical  and  surgical  staff, 
several  thousand  copies  of  which  were  distributed. 
Aided  by  this  renewed  invitation  to  the  charitable, 
the  Committee  raised  f  34:,948.27  additional.  Out  of 
this  total,  .$100,003.27,  the  indebtedness  to  the  capital 
of  S40,000  was  refunded,  and,  after  paying  the  ^^ear's 
(1865)  deficiency  of  $42,000,  the  surplus  of  $18,000 
was  merged  in  the  capital. 


13 

But  the  Hospital  was  not  yet,  by  any  means, 
throngh  its  troubles.  In  the  Report  of  the  Managers 
for  1866,  are  some  statements,  which  I  shall  quote, 
that  its  friends  may  see  through  what  evil  times  it 
had  to  pass  during  the  great  rebelhon,  and  with  what 
courage  and  animation,  tempered  sometimes  with 
fear  and  doubt,  the  Managers  fought  on  through 
their  many  difficulties  and  embarrassments. 

This  Report  (1866)  says :  "  The  abnormal  condi- 
tion in  which  our  country  has  been  placed  during  the 
past  five  years,  has  equally  taxed  the  resources  of  the 
Government,  and  those  of  our  benevolent  institutions, 
depending  for  their  existence  and  usefulness  upon 
the  popular  favor  and  support.  Individuals,  it  is 
true,  have  been  enriched  by  the  long  and  exacting- 
war  in  which  the  nation  has  been  engaged ;  and  the 
recently  published  list  of  colossal  incomes  disclosed 
to  the  world  the  names  of  those  who,  in  this  unto- 
ward state  of  things,  have  been  signally  benefited  by 
the  sectional  struggle  that  has  prevailed,  but  the 
country  at  large  has  become  a  pecuniary  debtor  to 
such  a  degree  that  might  well  a2:>2)al  the  stoutest 
heart  in  contemplating  the  possible  period  of  its  re- 
lief. Besides,  there  are  many  individuals  around  us 
who  have  involuntarily  changed  their  relation  of 
creditor  to  that  of  debtor,  and  who  mourn  iinavail- 
ingly  over  a  desolation  that  promises  no  return  to 
meet  their  suspended  and  craving  obligations  at  home. 
Under  these  circumstances,  it  should  occasion  no 
surprise  that  institutions  dependent  on  voluntary  aid 
for  their  maintenance,  should  experience  the  greatest 


14 

oinl>;uTassmcnt  in  carrying-  out  the  purposes  of  their 
ereation.  The  ahstraetion  of  so  many  men  from  the 
field  of  production,  and  the  necessary  change  in  the 
standard  of  vahies  incident  to  a  protiacted  war,  have 
augmented  prices  to  such  an  extent,  that  the  estab- 
Hshed  endowment  and  current  receipts  have  proved 
wholly  inadequate  for  the  support  of  our  leading 
charitable  institutions." 

The  Report  refers  to  the  well-known  fact  that  there 
is  so  often  to  be  seen  in  the  public  papers,  the  short 
record  "  sent  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,"  wdien 
by  some  terrible  accident,  one  or  two,  or  even  twenty 
suiferers,  have  been  sent  to  the  surgical  wards  with- 
out announcement,  where  they  have  always  been 
received  and  tended  with  every  care.  It  refers 
to  the  increased  costs  of  the  Institution,  and  says : 
"But  the  necessaries  of  life,  and  the  indispensable 
appliances  in  ministering  to  the  afflicted,  have  ad- 
vanced more  than  tAvofold  in  price  since  our  civil  war 
began,  whilst  the  number  of  free  or  unremunerating 
patients  has  largely  increased  in  both  the  medical 
and  surgical  wards.  The  numbers  of  the  former 
might  be  curtailed,  and,  indeed,  the  wards  might  be 
closed  altogether ;  but  this  would  be  a  sad  alternative, 
for  besides  the  suifering  that  w^ould  thus  be  intensified, 
the  character  of  the  Hospital  in  its  connection  with 
our  far-famed  medical  schools  would  be  greatly  im- 
paired." Here  we  see  a  distinct  reference  to  the 
possibility  of  the  Managers  being  forced  to  close  one 
of  the  most  important  wards  of  the  Hospital. 

But,  fortunately  for  the  poor,  for  the  city,  and  for 


15 

the  good  ftime  of  the  Hospital,  the  Managers  still 
struggled  bravely  on. 

They,  in  concert  Avith  a  Committee  of  the  con- 
tributors, issued  a  strong  appeal  to  the  public,  stating 
that  "  the  present  current  expenses  of  the  Institution 
require  about  fifteen  thousand  dollars  per  annum 
more  than  its  income  from  investments  and  pay-pa- 
tients." The  number  of  patients  in  the  Hospital  at 
this  time  was  171,  and  of  these,  133  were  on  the 
free-list.  The  cost  of  the  Hospital  for  the  fiscal  year 
1865  was  f  57,181.32,  while  the  income  from  invest- 
ments and  from  pay-patients  had  been  $12,122,77. 

The  a^Dpeal  proposed  that  subscriptions  should  be 
made  first  for  specified  sums,  to  be  paid  annually  for 
a  term  of  years,  towards  the  deficient  income  of  the 
Hospital,  and,  secondly,  of  sums  to  be  added  to  the 
permanent  fund,  of  which  the  interest  or  income 
alone  should  be  used. 

In  the  following  year,  ending  May,  18G7,  under 
the  appeal  just  referred  to,  there  Avere  received 
$20,100  to  be  added  to  the  capital  fund,  and  $136,556 
to  be  paid  by  instalments  running  through  periods  of 
three,  four,  and  five  years,  as  contributions  to  the 
annual  expenses. 

With  these  additions  to  its  means,  the  department 
continued  its  work  with  comparative  ease  for  a  few 
years.  But  it  was  limited  as  to  its  usefulness.  In 
the  Keport  of  the  medical  and  surgical  staff"  to  the 
Board  of  Managers,  in  May,  1869,  the  staff'  set  forth 
that  "  we  regret  not  to  be  able  to  report  to  you  from 
year  to  year  any  great  increase  in  the  number  of  [)a- 


16 

tionts.  as  l)()th  space  and  means  limit  us  in  that 
resj)e(.'t.  AVith  ajipropi-iate  l)iiildings  and  am])le  pc- 
euniaiv  resources,  we  could  within  the  square  of 
ground  which  we  occupy,  make  our  Hospital  one  of 
many  more  beds ;  but,  as  these  are  wanting,  we  must 
at  present  be  content  with  the  polic}^  of  improving  and 
perfecting  the  accommodations  that  we  ah-eady  have." 

In  1872,  the  Managers  are  compelled  to  exj)ress 
the  fear  that,  as  the  subscriptions  towards  the  annual 
expenses,  made  in  1866-7,  were  running  out,  there 
would  again  be  a  heavy  deficiency,  unless  the  citizens 
came  forward  with  additional  help.  They  refer  to 
their  difficulties  in  the  following  strong  language : 
"We  do  not  hesitate  to  say  that,  whilst  economy 
in  expenditures  has  been  carefully  studied  in  all 
that  relates  to  the  internal  management  of  the 
Hospital,  we  fear  that  economy  has  reached  the  point 
of  parsimony,  from  an  inability  to  supply  the  com- 
forts of  the  suffering.-' 

I  can  bear  Avitness  to  the  truth  of  all  this,  as  I  Avas 
on  duty  during  three  months  of  each  year,  and  I 
know  the  economy  was  what  one  sees  and  feels,  in 
the  care  of  a  family  living  on  a  very  straitened  in- 
come. The  Hospital  needed  many  changes  and 
renovations,  but  as  yet  the  income  made  it  impossible 
to  do  more  than  continue  the  same  average  course  it 
had  been  following  for  a  number  of  years.  The 
Managers  wished  to  improve  the  ventilation,  renew 
the  household  material,  provide  better  maintenance 
for  and  attendance  upon  the  sick,  and  improve  the 
culinary  department. 


17 

In  1873,  the  deficiency  in  the  income  was  still  yery 
great,  but  the  Keport  says  that :  "  As  regards  the 
endowment  fund — the  interest  of  which  is  alone 
applicable  to  current  expenses — it  has  been  pleasing 
to  Providence  to  place  it  in  the  hearts  of  men  volun- 
tarily to  increase  it  by  amounts  rarely  equalled  in  any 
year  of  our  existence." 

In  1875,  this  department  was  still  very  much  em- 
barrassed, though  the  deficiency  was  not  quite  so 
great  as  in  previous  years.  The  expenses  were 
$65,141.17,  an  excess  over  the  income  from  the  en- 
dowment fund,  and  the  receipts  from  pay-patients 
and  subscriptions  received  by  the  Steward,  of  over 
eight  thousand  dollars  (|8,173.69). 

In  this  year  many  improvements  were  made  at  a 
very  large  cost.  They  were  shown  to  be  necessary 
by  the  light  of  recent  hygienic  discoveries. 

The  Report  states  that,  "in  the  male  department, 
the  windows  in  the  Avash-rooms  have  been  enlarged 
to  admit  more  light  and  air.  'New  marble  basins, 
with  hot  and  cold  w^ater,  have  been  added;  new 
receivers  of  iron,  lined  with  porcelain,  with  traps  and 
larger  pipes,  have  been  placed  in  the  water-closets, 
with  an  increased  flow  of  water  for  drainage.  Bath 
rooms  have  been  re-arranged,  and  basins,  with  marble 
or  slate  tops,  placed  throughout  the  wards.  In  the 
basement  a  large  coil  of  pipe,  heated  by  steam,  has 
been  placed  at  the  lowest  part  of  the  main  ventilating 
chimney,  to  insure  the  more  efiectual  rarefaction  of 
the  air.  Two  ncAV  bath-rooms  have  Ijeen  placed  in 
the  female  department,  and  all  closets,  clothes  rooms, 
2 


18 

chambers,  kitchens,  wards,  and  halls,  after  behig 
cari'fiilly  cleaned,  have  received  several  coats  of 
paint;  all  bath-rooms  arranged  Avith  larger  drainage 
and  increased  sup})ly  of  water,  and  the  floors  laid  of 
slate.  Stationary  wash-tnbs  have  been  added  in  the 
basement.  Xew  iron  bedsteads  of  improved  con- 
strnction  have  been  introduced.  The  same  improve- 
ments, with  new  slate  flooring,  have  been  made  in  the 
middle  building.  Refrigerators  have  been  placed  in 
the  ward  dining-rooms.  In  the  receiving  ward,  a 
new  bath-tub,  washstand,  and  clothing  closet  have 
been  supplied.  Slate  tables  have  been  placed  in  the 
dead-house,  which  has  also  been  partially  repainted." 

"'The  out-patient  rooms,  Avith  the  Xorth  House, 
their  roofs,  and  water-supply,  have  connections  for 
drainaa'e  Avith  the  sewers.  The  kitchens  have  also 
been  renewed,  sinks,  and  hot  and  cold  water  intro- 
duced. The  lodge  has  been  painted,  and  an  iron 
guard  rail  been  placed  to  separate  the  out-patient 
rooms  and  their  visitors  from  the  interior  grounds  of 
the  Hospital." 

The  Board  now,  too,  determined  that  the  time  had 
come  Avhen  the  ventilation  of  the  Hospital  for  the  sick 
and  wounded  must  be  brought  to  the  same  perfection 
as  that  which  had  long  been  attained  to  in  the  Insane 
Department.  In  1875,  the  ventilation  continued  just 
as  it  had  been  arranged  in  1851-2,  when  these  build- 
ino-s  Avere  remodelled  and  renovated.  Xo  changes 
nor  improAxments  had  been  made.  There  had  been, 
of  late  years,  a  good  many  cases  of  pyaemia  in  the 
surgical  Avards.     Some  of  the  principal  capital  sur- 


19 

gical  operations  had  proved  fjital;  and  especially  was 
this  true  of  ovariotomy,  and  both  Managers  and  staif 
had  become  seriously  uneasy  about  the  ventilation. 
Some  imperfect  attempts  had  been  made  to  improve 
the  arrangements  as  they  stood,  but  they  were  of  no 
real  value ;  and  now  the  Managers  "  sought  the  advice 
of  experienced  constructors  of  buildings,  where  forced 
ventilation  by  fans  and  flues  for  heated  air  has  proved 
successful."  Indeed,  the  experience  of  the  Insane 
Department,  as  it  is  ably  detailed  by  the  superintend- 
ent, was  alone  enough  to  convince  the  Managers,  and 
did  largely  convince  them,  that  the  only  thoroughly 
efficient  remedy  was  to  be  found  in  the  use  of  the 
system  of  propulsion,  by  means  of  a  fan. 

The  use  of  a  fan  was  finally  determined  upon,  and, 
in  the  present  year,  1876,  the  plan  has  been  carried 
into  effect  under  the  supervision  of  John  Sunderland, 
the  former  supervisor  of  the  erection  of  the  heating- 
apparatus  for  the  Department  for  the  Insane. 

A  fan  8  feet  in  diameter,  and  30  inches  wide,  is 
placed  at  the  orifice  of  a  large  fresh-air  duct,  which 
leads  to  the  chamber  containing  the  steam  coils  for 
heating,  and  thence  by  large  smooth  flues  to  all  parts 
of  the  house.  This  fan  is  calculated  to  supply  30,000 
cubic  feet  of  air  per  minute.  Two  of  my  sons  calcu- 
lated the  capacity  of  the  large  air-duct,  and  deter- 
mined the  velocity  of  the  current  of  air  ])assinf>- 
through  it  by  means  of  an  anemometer.  Unfoi'- 
tunately,  they  did  not  know  that  two  side  ducts  had 
been  given  off  from  the  main  duct,  in  advance  of  the 
point  at  which  they  made  their  ol)sei"vations.     But  it 


20 

is  ol'  interest  to  know  that,  even  at  this  point,  the 
supply  of  air  amounted  to  715,800  cubic  feet  per  hour. 
This,  assuming  that  the  popuhition  of  the  house  is 
ahout  two  hundred,  would  give  to  each  person  3575 
cubic  feet  per  hour.  Dr.  Parkes,  in  his  able  Avork  on 
Hygiene,  states  that  for  healthy  men  3000  cubic  feet 
per  hour  should  be  supplied,  and  for  sick  men  4000  feet. 
By  the  imperfect  observation  above  made,  we  learn 
that  each  patient  in  the  Hospital  will  receive  within 
425  cubic  feet  of  the  amount  of  air  deemed  necessary 
by  one  of  the  highest  authorities  on  this  question, 
and,  when  we  recollect  that  two  ducts  had  already 
taken  oif  a  considerable  amount  of  the  air  furnished 
by  the  fan,  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  supply  of 
air  to  the  wards  will  be  quite  equal  to  the  standard 
usually  deemed  necessary. 

After  this  sketch  of  the  general  history  of  the  City 
Hospital,  in  regard  to  its  financial  concerns,  and  the 
improvements  in  its  buildings,  I  proceed  to  notice  va- 
rious other  points  of  interest  in  its  gradual  develop- 
ment. I  shall  refer  particularly  to  its  course  as  a 
centre  of  clinical  teaching — to  the  erection  and  open- 
ing of  a  new  and  fine  lecture  and  operating  room ;  to 
the  reception  of  women  as  medical  students ;  to  the 
Pathological  Museum ;  to  the  opening  of  the  Dispen- 
sary, or  out-door  Department,  of  a  Recent  Accident 
Ward,  and  to  the  proposition  for  the  endowment  of 
free  beds. 

And  first,  as  to  what  the  Hospital  has  been  doing 
in  aid  of  medical  education  during  the  last  twenty-five 
years.     During  the  early  years  of  this  period,  the 


21 

system  of  clinical  instruction  continued  to  be  on  the 
same  plan  as  during  the  latter  part  of  its  first  century. 
Lectures  were  given  twice  a  Aveek  by  the  physicians 
and  surgeons,  as  a  part  of  their  recognized  duties. 
For  the  privilege  of  attending  these  lectures  the  fee 
was  ten  dollars  a  year,  and  the  amount  received 
was  still  applied  to  the  care  and  increase  of  the 
medical  library.  The  classes  were  large,  and  the 
valuable  lessons  thus  imparted,  at  a  merely  nominal 
cost,  were  open  to  all  men  who  had  matriculated 
in  a  respectable  medical  institution.  After  a  time, 
it  was  found  that  the  old  lecture  room,  in  the  third 
story  of  the  centre  building,  had  become  too  small 
to  accommodate  the  classes  with  any  reasonable 
comfort,  either  to  listener  or  teacher.  Moreover,  the 
example  of  the  Blockley  Hospital,  which  had  provided 
a  large  and  commodious  amphitheatre  for  clinical 
teaching,  and  that  of  other  cities,  and  still  more  de- 
cidedly the  spread  of  the  conviction,  from  the  medical 
to  the  lay  mind,  that  the  medical  art  could  not  be 
properly  taught  without  extensive  clinical  opportuni- 
ties, induced  some  movement  in  this  Hospital  towards 
better  accommodations  for  the  students. 

This  matter  is  first  distinctly  referred  to  in  the 
Annual  Report  for  1860,  where  the  Managers  express 
the  opinion  that,  at  no  distant  day,  the  lecture  and 
operating  room  must  be  enlarged.  In  18G1,  a  sum  of 
five  hundred  dollars  was  given  to  one  of  the  Mana- 
gers to  be  used  for  the  relief  of  sufierers  by  the  war, 
should  such  apply  at  the  Hospital,  and,  if  not  tluis 
used,  the  money  was  to  go  towards  the  commencement 


O.) 


ol"  a  rund  for  the  enlargemuiit  of  the  lecture  room.  In 
18G.'>,  the  Managers  again  say  that :  "As  Philadel- 
])hia  lias  hitherto  stood  pre-eminent  for  her  medical 
schools,  it  has  been  the  desire  of  the  successive 
Boards  of  Managers  of  the  Hos])ital  to  co-operate 
with  their  distinguished  professors  in  affording  every 
facility  for  instruction  to  the  students  of  medicine 
and  surgery  resorting  to  this  city  for  their  education. 
The  extensive  and  valuable  medical  library  belong- 
ing to  the  Institution  is  freely  accessible  to  them ; 
but  there  is  a  want  experienced  in  the  limited  accom- 
modations of  the  lecture  and  operating  room.  The 
present  Board  trust  that,  upon  the  return  of  peace 
and  of  general  prosperity,  it  may  be  in  the  power  of 
the  Institution  to  provide  more  ample  conveniences 
for  the  increased  number  of  students,  who  wdll  un- 
doubtedly avail  themselves  of  the  extraordinary 
advantages  our  city  affords  for  their  improvement  in 
the  profession  they  have  chosen  as  their  pursuit  in 
Ufe." 

In  18G7,  it  is  again  referred  to,  but,  though  the 
cost  would  be  but  about  $20,000,  the  Board  did  not 
feel  warranted  in  applying  the  funds  to  this  purpose, 
'*  so  long  as  the  income  from  the  capital  is  insuflS^cient 
to  meet  the  annual  cost  of  su23port  of  the  patients." 

In  1868,  it  is  stated  that  a  sum  of  $6990  has  been 
contributed  towards  this  object,  and,  so  convinced 
are  they  of  its  necessity,  that  the  Managers  make 
an  "  earnest  appeal  to  the  contributors  to  take  such 
action  at  this  meeting,  as  will  enable  the  Board  to 
j^roceed  at  once  to  the  consummation  of  the  purpose 
which  they  have  long  had  in  view." 


23 

Accordingly,  authority  was  given  by  the  contribu- 
tors for  the  erection  of  a  new  room  for  clinical  and 
operating  purposes. 

The  site  chosen  is  to  the  north  of  the  centre  build- 
ing, far  enough  from  this  to  receive  a  good  light  from 
all  points.  The  building  is  of  brick,  octagonal  in 
shape,  and  has  eight  double  windows  in  the  eastern  _ 
and  western  walls,  and  a  large  sk}  light  looking  to  the 
north.  It  is  connected  with  the  centre  building  of  the 
Hospital  by  a  corridor,  opening  into  what  was  pre- 
viously the  main  entrance  door  at  the  north,  and  its 
main  floor  is  on  a  level  with  that  of  the  centre.  The 
seats  are  arranged  as  in  an  amphitheatre,  rising  from 
the  floor  of  the  area  where  the  lecturer  stands  towards 
the  walls,  and  they  Avill  accommodate  about  500 
students.  On  either  side  of  the  south  end  of  the 
building  are  two  small  rooms  in  which  the  patients 
can  be  placed  until  it  is  time  to  take  them  into  the 
chnic.  There  is  quite  a  large,  well-lighted  basement 
room  beneath  the  northern  half  of  the  lecture  room, 
which  is  devoted  to  the  Pathological  Museum  of  the 
Hospital,  now  becoming  an  important  and  useful 
element  in  the  clinical  work  of  the  Institution. 

This  room  cost  $27,072.10,  of  which  sum 
$12,742.80  had  been  raised  by  specific  subscriptions 
for  this  purpose. 

The  Managers,  therefoi'c,  were  obliged  to  take  the 
deficiency,  |14,329.2(3,  from  the  capital  stock.  It 
was  formally  opened  on  the  ninth  of  January,  18G9, 
on  which  occasion  I  hud  the  honor  of  making  an 
address  to  the  Managers,  the  medical  and  surgical 


24 

stall",  ami  lo  the  students,  to  mark  the  occasion. 
I  chose  for  my  subject  the  histoiy  of  clinical  teaching, 
as  connected  with  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  and 
the  vahie  of  such  teaching  to  the  public  in  general, 
and  to  the  medical  student  in  particular.  I  will 
venture  to  quote  an  extract  from  that  discourse : 
"  I  believe,"  I  then  said,  "  and  I  do  not  hesitate  to 
ex^M-ess  my  belief,  that,  in  connection  with  the  pro- 
per treatment  of  the  sick  in  a  hospital,  one  of  the 
most  beneficent  uses  of  such  an  institution,  is  the  aid 
which  it  can  and  ought  to  give  in  propagating  a  wise 
system  of  medical  education.  By  such  a  manage- 
ment, two  grand  results  are  accomplished.  All  is 
done  by  the  Institution  that  the  best  and  purest 
charity  can  efiect  for  the  individual  sick  wdthin  its 
walls,  whilst  by  fitting  young  men  for  the  difficult 
and  important  office  of  the  ^^hysician,  it  radiates  from 
its  own  narrow^  centre,  to  the  vast  mass  of  suffering 
humanity  beyond  its  w\alls,  a  know^ledge  and  expe- 
rience of  the  best  methods  of  treating  wounds  and 
diseases,  which  is  of  incalculable  value  to  the  public. 
I  know  well  that  there  are  some  benevolent  and 
tender  spirits,  to  Avhom  the  idea  of  making  any- 
thing like  a  use  of  the  sick  as  a  means  of  teaching 
medicine,  savors  of  something  harsh  and  revolting. 
But  to  such  as  have  this  very  natural  and  proper 
fear,  I  will  say  that  no  w^ell-trained  and  conscientious 
medical  officer  ever  forgets  that  his  first  duty  is  to 
the  individual  sick  man  intrusted  to  his  charge,  and 
that  he  is  bound  in  honor  and  charity  to  allow  no 
ulterior  object  to  work  detriment   to    him.     In   all 


hospitals,  there  are  many  cases  which  can,  without 
danger  of  injury,  be  brought  before  a  medical  class. 
Most  of  the  patients,  when  the  matter  is  properly  and 
kindly  re^Dresented  to  them,  make  no  objection  to  such 
a  procedure.  Some  rather  enjoy  it,  and  gladly  lend 
their  mite  to  the  common  good.  Moreover,  it  seems 
but  right  that  those  who  are  fed  and  housed,  and  fur- 
nished with  all  the  means  and  advice  necessary  to 
their  medical  treatment  by  the  i3ublic,  should  make 
this  moderate  return  of  assisting,  for  the  public,  in 
the  necessary  education  of  competent  medical  men. 
Let  it  not  be  forgotten,  too,  that  this  demonstration 
is  never  made  to  a  promiscuous,  or  rude,  or  gaping 
public  audience,  who  might  assist  at  such  a  spectacle 
from  mere  vulgar  curiosity.  It  is  made  only  to  those 
who  belong  to  the  same  vocation  or- guild  as  that  to 
which  belong  the  surgeons  and  physicians  of  the 
house,  and  but  for  whom  this  Hospital  could  not 
exist,  and  who,  themselves,  but  for  like  opportunities 
in  the  past,  could  not  have  had  that  exact  knowledge 
and  experience  whereby  these  very  patients  now 
profit." 

In  connection  with  this  matter  it  ought  to  be  stated 
that  this  Hospital  has  always  been  in  favor  of  a  pro- 
per use  of  its  wards  for  the  purposes  of  medical 
instruction.  It  has,  from  its  earliest  days,  contrilmted 
regular  clinical  lectures  by  its  staff,  and  it  has  been 
frequented  by  large  numbers  of  students.  Indeed, 
for  a  long  course  of  years,  it  was  the  only  Hospital 
in  the  city,  and  the  only  public  ground  on  which  the 
medical  student  and  the  sick  man  could  l)e  i)roperly 
brought  together. 


20 

For  some  years  j^ast,  however,  a  ehano-e  has  been 
takiiiL;-  ])laee  as  to  the  eliiiieal  oi)i)oi'tuiiities  hi  the 
city.  Other  hospitals  have  been  erected  which  are 
destined  in  the  future,  it  seems  probable,  to  diminish 
the  classes  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital.  The 
Blockley  Hospital  has,  for  a  number  of  years,  had 
large  classes;  and  now,  that  of  the  two  great  medical 
schools,  one,  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  has 
alread}^  a  fine  hospital  attached  to  its  own  foundation, 
and  the  other,  the  Jeiferson  Medical  College,  is  build- 
ing one  for  its  o^\m  purposes,  it  is  to  be  expected  that 
our  classes  must  lessen  in  size.  In  fact,  the  number 
of  students  in  attendance  during  the  session  of  the 
schools,  has  fallen  off  considerably  within  the  last 
three  years. 

Xor  do  I  know"  that  this  is  to  be  regretted.  It 
should  seem  that  several  classes  of  moderate  size,  in 
which  the  members  of  the  class  can  be  seated  nearer 
to  the  patient  and  the  lecturer,  must  afford  better 
opportunities  to  the  students,  than  wdiere  huge  classes 
are  crowded  together  to  observe  those  delicate  phe- 
nomena of  disease,  by  the  study  of  which  alone  can 
the  medical  art  be  properly  acquired. 

I  come  now  to  a  new  feature  in  the  history  of  the 
Hospital.  I  refer  to  the  introduction  of  female 
medical  students  to  the  clinical  instruction  of  the 
institution. 

In  the  autumn  of  1869,  the  Dean  of  the  Faculty 
of  the  Female  Medical  College  applied  to  the  Board 
of  Managers  for  the  admission  of  their  students  to 
the   regular   clinical    courses.     The  Managers  gave 


27 

their  permission  on  the  ground  that,  b}"  the  rules  of 
the  Hospital  then- in  use,  all  students  of  institutions 
recognized  by  the  State  laws,  were  to  be  received  to 
the  common  benefits  of  the  Hospital  clinical  instruc- 
tion. 

The  women  came  to  one  of  the  lectures  very  soon 
after  this,  taking  their  seats  in  the  amphitheatre  in 
the  midst  of  the  regular  men's  class.  There  was  a 
scene  of  considerable  disorder  both  during  and  after 
the  lecture. 

The  event  caused  a  good  deal  of  agitation  in  the 
medical  schools  of  the  cit}^,  and  amongst  the  medical 
students,  which  extended  in  a  slight  degree  to  the 
general  public.  It  raised  the  great  questions  of 
women's  rights,  and  of  the  common  education  of  the 
sexes.  And  it  showed,  too,  most  clearly,  that  women 
were  willing,  in  order  to  obtain  their  end,  a  general 
medical  education  and  a  status  in  the  profession 
similar  to  that  of  men,  to  listen  in  mixed  classes  to 
descriptions  of  all  diseases,  whether  medical  or  sur- 
gical, and  to  observe  any  class  of  cases,  Avhich  might 
be  necessary  in  the  course  of  their  medical  education. 
It  was  a  curious  and  an  impressive  lesson,  to  show 
how  long-established  social  habits  and  opinions  may 
be  changed  by  the  hard  weight  of  necessity. 

It  was  thought  by  many  that  the  objection  made 
by  the  medical  students,  and  by  the  medical  teachers 
of  the  old  schools  of  the  city,  arose  wholly  from  a 
jealous  dislike  to  the  increased  competition  that  might 
occur  in  the  profession,  should  women  come  to  par- 
ticipate fully  in  the  exercise  of  the  medical  art.     I 


28 

tliink  not.  I  believe  the  difficulty  lies  deeper  than 
this.  It  is  a  psychological  one,  and,  strange  to  say, 
it  appears  to  exist  more  decidedly  in  the  male  than 
in  the  female  sex. 

In  the  following  clinical  session,  1870-71,  the  whole 
nnmber  of  students  in  attendance  was  206,  and  of 
these,  32  -were  ^vomen ;  whilst  in  the  previous  year, 
the  number  had  been  500,  of  which  number  42  were 
women. 

The  matter  was  arranged  at  the  meeting  of  the 
contributors,  in  May,  1871,  on  the  plan  of  having 
separate  clinics  for  the  two  sexes,  and,  accordingly, 
the  staif  agreed  to  give,  in  addition  to  their  regular 
semi-w^eekly  lectures  to  the  male  students,  one  lec- 
ture a  w^eek  to  the  women  students.  This  plan  has 
been  followed  since. 

I  have  referred  to  the  diminution  in  the  number 
of  students  in  the  session  of  1870-71.  The  staff 
and  managers  were  both  disturbed  at  finding  the 
classes  falling  off  so  rapidly  from  the  Institution 
Avhich  had  long  been  at  the  head  of  clinical  teaching 
in  the  city.  By  advice  of  the  staff,  the  managers 
determined  to  make  the  lectures  free  "to  all  students 
of  incorporated  institutions  recommended  by  the 
lecturers,"  whilst  the  women  students  w^ere  to  be 
taught,  as  before  mentioned,  in  a  separate  class.  The 
consequence  of  this  step  was,  that  the  classes  in- 
creased at  the  next  session  to  the  number  of  580,  the 
men  counting  520,  and  the  women  60. 

As  to  whether  the  entire  withdrawal  of  the  fee 
for  teaching  w^as  wdse  or  not,  time  will  show.     I  can 


29 

scarcely  forbear,  myself,  to  think  that  a  small  fee, 
five  or  ten  dollars,  to  be  devoted  to  the  maintenance 
and  growth  of  the  medical  library,  the  nse  of  the 
library  being  allowed  to  the  students  for  a  small  sum 
held  on  deposit,  to  be  returned  at  the  end  of  the  ses- 
sion, may  yet  prove  to  be  the  true  policy  of  the 
Hospital.  By  this  means,  a  noble  medical  library 
might  be  gathered  together,  and  made  useful  to  the 
ambitious  student.  And  I  am  not  sure  but  that  the 
student  would  value  all  the  more  the  opportunities 
given  him,  and  make  better  use  of  them,  were  he  to 
pay  a  small  fee  for  the  privilege. 

About  the  year  1870,  it  was  thought  that  many  of 
the  slighter  surgical  cases,  which  had  been  hitherto 
kept  in  the  Hospital  at  a  great  expense,  might  be 
treated  as  well  on  the  dispensary  plan,  the  patient 
coming  as  often  as  necessary  to  the  Hospital  for  the 
proper  dressing.  Arrangements  were  made  with 
the  staff  to  try  this  plan,  and  the  resident  physicians 
on  duty  in  the  surgical  wards  were  instructed  to 
dress  such  cases  properly,  make  any  necessary  jjre- 
scription,  and  direct  the  patient  to  return  to  the 
house  at  the  time  proper  to  have  the  treatment 
carried  on.  This  plan  was  not  yet  extended  to 
medical  cases.  In  1870,  about  39  patients  were 
treated  in  this  way  per  month. 

In  1871,  the  number  of  out-door  patients,  medical 
and  surgical,  had  risen  to  594  In  1872,  the  number 
reached  663.  In  the  Keport  for  1873,  it  appears  that 
this  system  of  out-door  relief  had  become  much  more 
important.     It  is  not  a  true  dispensary  system,  as 


80 

llu'  Hospital  does  not  furnish  medicines  to  the  sick, 
l)ul  limits  its  work  to  supplying  the  proper  surgical 
dressings  to  surgical  cases,  and  medical  advice  and 
prescriptions  to  the  medical  cases.  Another  part  of 
the  "\Vork,  and  one  that  can  be  made  very  advan- 
tageous to  both  the  sick  and  the  Hospital,  is  the 
selection,  for  admission  to  the  house,  of  such  cases  as 
are  specially  in  need  of  Hospital  aid.  Cases  thus 
selected  are  finally  received,  or  not,  as  the  physician 
and  surgeon  on  duty  may  determine. 

During  the  year  ending  April,  1873,  in  consequence 
of  the  rapid  growth  of  this  plan  of  out-door  relief, 
the  work  had  fallen  rather  heavily  on  the  resident 
physicians,  so  much  so  as  to  interfere  with  their 
regular  in-door  duties,  and  the  Managers,  therefore, 
determined  to  organize  a  separate  staif  for  the  new 
department.  They  accordingly  elected  seven  ph^^si- 
cians,  four  of  whom  were  surgeons,  to  take  charge  of 
this  department.  One  physician  and  one  surgeon 
was  to  be  on  duty  each  day,  except  Sunday,  at  a 
certain  hour,  to  prescribe  for  all  Avho  might  apply. 
Two  rooms,  those  to  the  north  of  the  gate- way  in 
Eighth  Sti'eet,  ^\ere  assigned  to  this  purpose.  During 
the  year,  the  number  of  applicants  had  risen  to  1555, 
of  which  1230  Avere  surgical,  and  325  medical. 

This  department  of  the  city  Hospital  now  grew 
rapidly,  showing  clearly  the  need  there  was  in  the 
city  for  increased  accommodation  for  the  sick  poor. 

In  the  Keport  for  1875,  the  number  of  medical 
cases  applying  was  G19,  requiring  from  the  patients 
1201  visits ;  that  of  surgical  cases  was  1851,  requir- 


31 

ing  9750  visits.  In  all  10,954  visits.  The  original 
object  of  this  department  was  the  relief  it  Avonld 
afford  the  Hospital  from  the  maintenance  within  its 
wards,  at  a  great  expense,  of  slight  or  non-dangerons 
snrgical  cases,  and  of  mild  and  chronic  medical  cases. 
This  class  of  cases  conld  very  well  be  maintained  at 
home,  whilst  receiving  at  the  Hospital,  as  often  as 
might  be  necessary,  the  proper  advice  or  dressing  for 
the  particnlar  case.  Bnt  the  department  was  grow- 
ing rapidly  ;  cases  of  eye  and  ear  disease,  of  ernptive 
disease,  as  well  as  those  already  referred  to,  were 
gradnally  increasing,  and  the  accommodations  had 
become  quite  inadequate  as  to  space,  and  most  im- 
perfect as  to  arrangement,  though  the  Managers  had, 
in  1874,  built  at  a  cost  of  under  $1000,  a  new  one- 
story  room  attached  to  the  building  already  in  use. 

The  Report  for  187(3  showed  that  the  whole  number 
of  new  patients  prescribed  for  had  risen  to  2975,  and 
the  whole  number  of  visits  to  the  Hospital,  medical 
and  surgical,  to  13,112.  At  the  meeting  of  the  con- 
tributors held  in  May,  187(3,  a  resolntion  was  passed 
"that  the  incoming  Board  be  requested  to  take  such 
measures  as  they  may  deem  expedient  for  immediately 
carrying  out  the  proposed  plan  for  enlarging  the 
accommodations  for  the  treatment  of  out-door  [)a- 
tients."  Under  this  resolution  the  Board  has  had 
plans  drawn,  not  yet  formally  adopted,  which  con- 
template the  erection  (jf  a  new  building,  to  take  the 
place  of  the  present  northeastern  house  (the  north 
house,  as  it  has  been  called  by  the  Hospital  family). 
The  new  building  is  to   l)e  partly  on  the  site  of  the 


32 

(^kl  ono  ;  it  is  to  bo  made  large  and  roomy,  and  is 
ex})eeted  to  contain  ail  the  modern  improvements 
necessary  for  convenience  and  healthfulness. 

The  Managers  make  an  earnest  appeal  to  the  con- 
tributors and  to  the  public  for  funds  to  carry  out  this 
important  object. 

Besides  the  out-door  department,  the  Hospital' has 
arranged  a  new  ward,  which  has  added  much  to  the 
comfort  of  the  patients.  This  is  the  recent-accident 
ward,  which  w^as  begun  in  1873.  A  large  room  on 
the  ground-floor  of  the  north  house,  close  to  the  main 
entrance,  was  chosen  for  this  purpose.  Formerly, 
such  cases  were  taken  at  all  hours  of  the  day  or  night 
into  the  large  wards  of  the  house.  It  requires  but 
little  imagination  to  conceive  what  must  be  the  con- 
fusion in  one  of  these  wards,  when  some  severe  rail- 
road accident  or  gunshot  wound  is  suddenly  intro- 
duced into  it,  especially  in  the  hours  of  the  night. 
Let  any  reader  of  this  history,  who  has.  never  had  a 
thought  of  what  might  be  the  character  of  hospital 
scenes,  imagine  a  dangerous  surgical  injury — the 
laceration  of  a  limb,  or  fracture  with  the  bones  driven 
through  the  soft  parts — bleeding,  the  waiting  and 
affrighted  friends,  in  whom,  probabl}-,  pity,  as  Dr. 
John  Brown  says,  still  remains  in  large  measure  a 
mere  emotion,  prompting  to  gesticulations  and  tears, 
not  having  been  reasoned  and  practised  into  a 
motive,  as  it  has  been  in  the  surgeon  and  physician. 
Let  him  suppose  the  patient  to  be  one  of  those  un- 
happy victims  to  strong  drink,  who  has  met  his 
accident  in  the  midst  of  indulgence;  let  him  imagine 


33 

the  confusion,  the  noise,  the  oaths  perhaps ;  let  him 
see,  as  T  have  seen,  the  injured  man,  waving  a  broken 
arm  in  his  drunkenness,  or  in  a  fit  of  mania-a-potu, 
about  his  head,  making  the  point  of  fracture  a  new 
centre  of  motion.  It  was  to  avoid  such  scenes  as 
these  that  the  recent-accident  ward  was  arransred, 
and  the  Managers  are  even  now,  as  was  explained 
above  in  my  history  of  the  out-door  department, 
appl^dng  to  the  public  for  funds  to  erect  a  new 
building  near  the  entrance,  one  of  the  features  of 
which  is  to  afford  proper  accommodation  for  such  cases. 
The  Pathological  Museum  deserves  notice,  as  it  is 
of  considerable  importance  in  the  system  of  clinical 
teaching.  In  the  Report  for  1861,  I  first  find  the 
ofiice  of  pathologist  and  curator  mentioned.  The 
Museum  was  located  at  that  time  in  the  buildinsf  on 
Spruce  Street,  now  occupied  by  the  Historical 
Society.  In  1869,  when  the  new  lecture-room  was 
opened  for  use,  the  Museum  was  transferred,  as 
already  mentioned,  to  the  basement-room  of  that 
building,  where  it  remains  to  the  present  day.  Under 
the  care  of  several  gentlemen,  this  Museum  has  be- 
come really  valuable.  It  contains  747  specimens  of 
difterent  morbid  preparations,  from  cases  occurring 
in  the  house,  and  may  be  made  of  great  use  in  illus- 
trating the  medical  teaching  of  the  Hospital.  In 
1875,  a  course  of  lectures  on  Pathological  Anatomy, 
the  only  one  in  the  city,  was  given  by  llic  p.illiologist 
and  curator  of  the  Hospital.  This  course  was  illus- 
trated by  specimens  in  the  jNIuscum, 

In  1869,  the  Managers,  anxious  to  lend  all  possible 
3 


34 

aid  to  the  nuHlicMl  MixiV  in  tlu'ir  i^ystcm  of  clinical 
insiriu'tion,  appointed  a  new  medical  officer,  under 
I  he  title  ol'  microscopist,  whose  duty  it  is  to  examine 
any  specimen  of  morbid  anatomy,  or  diseased  excre- 
tions of  the  sick,  sent  to  him  by  the  members  of  the 
staff  on  duty.  The  arrangement  has  proved  wise 
and  useful,  particularly  for  the  aid  it  gives  in  the 
diagnosis  of  disease. 

The  medical  library,  after  growing  rapidly  for 
many  years,  by  the  use  of  the  income  derived  from 
the  small  fee  charged  the  students  (which  had  been 
voluntarily  tendered  for  this  purpose  by  the  medical 
staff),  has  been  but  little  increased  in  size,  since  the 
lectures  were  made  free  in  1871-72.  What  may  be 
the  future  condition  of  this  valuable  collection  of 
books,  we  cannot  now  see.  As  our  cities  grow 
larger,  and  their  schools,  colleges,  and  universities 
increase  in  number  and  extent,  the  opportunities  for 
study  grow  apace.  For  many  years,  the  Hospital 
library  was  much  the  largest  and  best  in  the  city. 
Within  a  fcAV  years,  however,  the  demands  made 
upon  it  have  not  been  so  frequent  nor  so  urgent, 
lor  the  reason  that  the  library  of  the  College  of 
Physicians  has  come  into  much  greater  prominence, 
under  the  fostering  care  of  that  useful  body. 

In  1870,  the  Managers  inaugurated  for  the  depart- 
ment of  the  sick  and  wounded  a  plan  which  had 
already  been  introduced  into  the  Insane  Department. 
This  was  the  institution  of  a  system  of  free  beds  for 
the  poor.  Any  one,  by  a  gift  to  the  Hospital  of  the 
sum  of  five  thousand  dollars,  secured  a  bed  in  the 


35 

Hospital  alwaj's  to  be  occupied  by  a  poor  patient. 
The  average  time  of  sta}'^  of  patients  in  the  house  is 
about  thirty  days,  so  that  each  free  bed  will  support 
annuall}^,  and  send  forth  to  life  and  work  again,  or 
tend  and  comfort  during  their  last  days,  some  tw^elve 
poor  patients,  who  might  otherwise  have  to  endure 
their  ilhiess,  or  end  their  lives,  amidst  the  keen  stings 
and  neglect  of  poverty  and  misery.  Little  do  many 
of  the  rich  know  of  the  wants  of  the  jDoor.  How 
often  have  I  m^^self,  when  on  duty  at  the  Hospital, 
been  forced  to  turn  away  from  the  Hospital  gate, 
some  forlorn  and  destitute  sick  man,  or  woman,  or 
half-grown  youth,  who  sometimes  has  added  uuAvil- 
ling  tears  to  the  appeal  already  made  by  his  sickness 
and  poverty.  Frequently  every  free  bed  iu  the 
medical  w^ards  is  full.  Xot  infrequently,  we  have 
several  over  the  ])roper  number.  The  Hospital  has, 
for  many  years,  spent  more  than  its  income  in  the 
support  of  this  department — wdiat  can  we — the  Mana- 
gers and  the  staft' — do,  but  what  we  have  been  doing 
for  so  many  years,  cry,  give,  give.  Let  me  say  again 
that  these  free  beds  are  noble  charities.  For  five 
thousand  dollars  to  secure  the  support,  and  medical 
or  surgical  treatment  of  twelve  poor  sick  annually 
forever !  What  better  use  could  he  who  has  it  to 
give,  make  of  such  a  sum?  For  a  century  and  a 
quarter  has  this  Hos])ital  been  in  busy  0])eration.  It 
has  grown  great  from  feeble  beginnings,  and  has 
never  Ijeen  suspected  of  the  impioper  use  of  nu)nev 
given  to  it  by  the  charitable. 

There  are  now  two  free  beds  attached   to  this  de- 


36 

pai'tmont,  one  tho  AViHi:nn  A.  Bhinchard  free  bed, 
the  money  for  which  was  given  l)y  Maria  E.  Blan- 
ehard,  to  perpctnate  the  memory  of  her  husband. 
The  other  is  the  Warwick  Bamfylde  Fi'ceman  free 
bed,  endowed  by  EHza  Freeman  as  a  memorial  of  her 
son.  May  ^ye  not  hope  that  more  of  those  Avho  have 
had  rare  opportunities  granted  them  by  Providence 
for  the  accumulation  of  money,  may  be  inspired  to 
giv^e  or  bequeath  of  their  abundance  to  the  "dis- 
tempered poor,"  w^ho  are  to  be  always  with  us  ? 

After  these  long  but  necessary  details  of  the  his- 
tory of  the  department  for  the  sick  and  w^ounded,  I 
pass  on  to  that  of  the  department  for  the  insane. 

In  the  year  1851,  when  Dr.  Wood  closed  his  history 
of  the  first  century  of  the  Hospital,  the  new  depart- 
ment for  the  insane  was  already  in  operation  in  West 
Philadelphia.  The  time  had  arrived,  when  it  w^as 
absolutely  necessary,  in  order  to  carry  out  the  charter 
of  the  institution,  to  provide  new  and  better  accom- 
modations for  the  insane  patients,  ^o  longer,  iinder 
the  grovving  light  of  modern  science,  could  they  be 
cooped  up  in  the  narrow  quarters  of  the  town  Hos- 
pital. It  is  now  well  understood  by  the  medical 
body,  and  by  many  of  the  public,  that  disease  of  the 
mind  is  not  to  be  cured  by  mere  drugs,  nor  by  that 
species  of  solitary  confinement  to  w^hich  the  insane 
had  hitherto  been  relegated.  Removal  from  the 
turmoil  of  common  life,  a  sense  of  kind  but  positive 
control,  agreeable  sights  and  sounds,  cheerful  com- 
pany, society,  wholesome  amusement  and  occupation, 
had  been  found  to  be  the  true  medicines  for  insanity ; 


37 

and  they  must  be  obtained  for  its  insane  department, 
if  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  was  to  continue  one  of 
the  great   charitable  institutions  of  the  land. 

The  purchase  by  the  Managers  of  the  beautiful  and 
valuable  property,  on  Avhich  the  insane  department  is 
located,  had  been  effected  in  1836  under  the  authority 
of  the  contributors,  and  in  1851,  when  my  history  of 
the  institution  begins,  one  of  the  chief  buildings,  the 
department  for  females,  had  been  finished  and  occu- 
pied for  just  ten  years.  This  property  lies,  I  may  say 
in  a  few  words,  about  two  miles  to  the  west  of  the 
Schuylkill  River,  and,  though  it  was  when  purchased, 
an  ordinary  farm  quite  out  of  the  town,  it  is  now  over- 
lapped by  the  rapidly  growing  city  at  several  points, 
and  has  graded  and  paved  streets,  busy  with  travel 
and  traffic,  passing  by  its  wall.  It  contains  113 
acres,  and  is  becoming  constantly  a  more  valuable 
property,  as  time  moves  on.  "The  Association  of 
Medical  Superintendents  of  American  Institutes  for 
the  Insane,"  at  their  meeting  iu  Philadelphia,  1851, 
adopted  a  number  of  propositions,  and  ordered  them 
printed  in  the  medical  journals  of  the  continent,  as 
the  sentiments  of  the  Association.  The  first  ])ropo- 
'sition  asserts  that  "every  hospital  for  the  insane 
should  be  in  the  country,  not  within  less  than  two 
miles  of  a  large  town,  and  easily  accessil)le  at  all 
seasons."  The  second  proposition  asserts  that  "no 
hospital  for  the  insane,  however  limited  its  capacity, 
should  have  less  than  fifty  acres  of  land,  devoted  to 
gardens  and  pleasure-grounds  for  its  ])atients.  At 
least  one  hundred  acres  should  be  possessed  by  cverv 


38 

Stnte  li(>sj)ital,  or  otluT  institution  for  two  liundrcd 
patients,  to  which  niunber  these  propositions  appl}^, 
unless  otherwise  mentioned." 

These  propositions  relleet  the  opinions  of  a  body 
of  men  of  the  highest  authority  in  the  matter  to 
which  they  speak,  and  they  point  to  Avhat  must 
happen  in  the  future  to  the  Penns3dvania  Hospital 
for  the  Insane.  When  the  time  arrives,  at  which  this 
department  shall  be  compelled  by  the  pressure  of  the 
growing'  city  to  leave  its  23resent  location,  there  can 
be  little  doubt  that  the  land  will  have  become  so 
valuable  as  readily  to  pay  the  expenses  of  removal, 
erection  of  new  buildings,  and,  at  the  same  time,  in- 
crease the  capital  fund  of  the  Hospital. 

In  1851,  ten  years  after  its  o^^ening,  the  Hospital 
Avas  inconveniently  ci'owded,  though  the  Report  states 
that  "the  general  good  health  which  then  prevailed, 
enabled  us  to  receive  all  the  cases  that  w^ere  brought 
to  the  Hospital,  although  much  difficulty  w^as  often 
experienced  in  accommodating  them."  In  1852, 
"•notwithstanding  the  extensive  provision  for  the 
insane  made  by  the  State  at  Harrisburg,  and  which 
has  been  available  during  the  year  just  closed,  this 
institution  has  been  about  full  during  the  whole 
period,  and  for  much  of  the  time  inconveniently 
crowded,  particularly  in  the  ward  appropriated  to 
men."  In  the  Report  for  1853,  it  appears  again  that 
"durino:  the  entire  year,  the  institution  has  been 
rather  more  than  comfortably  filled,  the  average  num- 
ber for  the  wdiole  period,  as  showm  above,  being  229, 
while  220  is  regarded  as  the  capacity  of  the  building. 


39 

Anxious  to  receive  all  who  desired  admission,  we 
have  at  no  previous  time  refused  any  suitable  appli- 
cant; but  during  a  part  of  the  year  just  closed,  we 
were  for  a  time  compelled,  although  with  great 
reluctance,  to  decline  receiving  patients,  except  under 
the  most  urgent  circumstances." 

In  the  Report  for  1853,  it  is  stated  that  "  Pennsyl- 
vania has  within  its  limits,  at  this  da}^  not  less  than 
2500  insane,  and  hospital  accommodations  for  only 
930." 

After  travelling  carefully  over  the  whole  ground, 
the  physician-in-chief,  Dr.  Kirkbride,  distinctly 
recommends  an  extension  by  the  Pennsylvania  Hos- 
13ital  of  its  accommodations  for  the  insane.  lie 
opposes  any  material  extension  of  the  very  large  and 
handsome  building  on  the  ground,  deeming  it  unwise 
to  have  more  than  200,  or  250  at  the  outside,  in  one 
building.  He  thinks  "it  important  for  the  best 
interests  of  the  afflicted  that  the  increased  accom- 
modations that  are  required  for  the  insane  should  be 
provided  under  the  auspices  of  that  noble  charit3% 
which,  more  than  a  century  ago,  began  the  great 
work  in  America,  and  which  has  ever  since  conducted 
its  important  trust  in  a  manner  to  command  the  con- 
fidence of  the  whole  community." 

An  entirely  new  building  for  200  male  patients 
was  proposctl — to  be  placed  on  the  seventy  acres  of 
land  then  comprising  the  farm  of  the  institution, 
while  the  existing  building,  with  everything  included 
within  the  external  wall,  should  l)c  given  uj)  for  the 
exclusive  use  of  as  many  females.     This  tract  of  land 


40 

could  1)1'  ivadily  inclosed;  it  had  two  fine  groves  of 
forest  ti'ces,  and  a  never-failing  spring  of  good  water, 
and  remarkable  facilities  for  draining.  Dr.  Kirkbride 
knows  of  no  benefit  from  the  presence  of  the  two 
sexes  in  one  building,  sees  several  advantages  in 
separate  buildings,  as  greater  liberty  for  all  the  pa- 
tients, more  privacy,  and  more  extended  use  of  the 
most  valuable  means  of  treatment.  He  believes  that 
the  funds  uecessary  for  the  new  building  can  be 
obtained  from  the  benevolent  citizens  of  Philadelphia. 
In  the  Report  for  1854,  it  appeal's  that  the  Hos- 
pital, during  this  year,  had  been  always  full,  and 
frequently  much  crowded.  All  suitable  applicants 
were  received,  when  the  state  of  the  house  would 
justify  their  reception,  '*  but  during  a  few  months  of 
the  summer  and  autumn,  our  numbers  were  so  large, 
and  the  tendency  to  sickness  in  the  community  in 
general  so  great,  that,  in  justice  to  the  patients 
already  with  us,  we  felt  compelled  to  decline  a  large 
part  of  those  who  applied  for  admission.  During 
this  period,  as  many  as  fifty  individuals  laboring 
under  mental  diseases,  and  in  every  way  proper  cases 
for  care  and  treatment  in  such  an  institution,  and  who 
would  have  been  glad  to  avail  themselves  of  our 
accommodations,  were  compelled  to  look  elsewhere 
for  relief."  With  this  fact  in  mind,  and  reflecting, 
too,  that  insanity  spares  no  class,  no  age,  no  sex,  no 
calling ;  that  Pennsylvania,  with  between  2500  and 
3000  insane  within  her  limits,  has  accommodation  for 
but  930;  that  Philadelphia  and  the  adjacent  country, 
Avith  certainly  more  than  1200  insane,  has  accommo- 


41 

dation  for  only  G30;  that  diseases  of  the  mind,  to  be 
treated  with  every  chance  of  success,  must  be  treated 
in  the  earlv  stao-es;  considerino^  the  terrible  strain 
upon  a  household,  to  which  the  care  of  an  insane 
person  falls — the  anxiety,  suffering,  the  possible 
injury  to  others;  Dr.  Ivirkbride  repeats  and  urges 
with  great  force  the  recommendation  of  the  previous 
year,  for  a  further  extension  of  the  usefulness  of  the 
Hospital. 

He  reasons  that,  if  400,  instead  of  200,  insane  are 
provided  for,  from  eighty  to  one  hundred  will  annually 
be  restored  to  reason  and  usefulness  in  society,  and 
that  many  others  will  be  greatly  improved,  while  the 
Avhole  community  will  be  protected  from  the  danger- 
ous acts  of  irresponsible  men.  He  states,  also,  that 
thirty  or  forty  poor  could  be  maintained  on  the  free 
list,  and  between  sixty  and  seventy  others,  in  mode- 
rate circumstances,  be  taken  care  of  at  a  rate  of 
board  considerably  below  the  actual  cost  of  their 
support. 

In  1855,  the  same  overcrowding  of  the  wards  con- 
tinued, and  more  than  fifty  applicants  were  again, 
literally  for  want  of  space,  refused. 

In  1853,  after  Dr.  Kirkbride's  first  recommendation 
for  an  extension  of  the  Hospital,  to  take  the  form  of 
an  entirely  new  building,  with  separation  of  the  sexes, 
the  Managers,  having  approved  the  plan,  submitted 
it  to  the  contributors,  who  also  approved,  and  ap- 
pointed a  committee  to  aid  the  Board  in  procuring 
the  necessary  subscriptions. 

On  May  1,  1854,  the  Managers  issued  an  "  Appeal 


42 

to  till'  citizens  of  Peiinsylvaiiia  for  means  to  provide 
ailditional  accommodations  for  the  insane."  This 
appeal  was  afterwards,  by  resohition  of  the  Board, 
printed  as  an  appendix  to  tlie  fifteenth  Annual  Re- 
port of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  for  the  insane. 

The  appeal  recites  the  facts  that  this  Hospital, 
which,  since  its  foundation  in  1751,  had  already  re- 
ceived in  its  wards  58,600  patients,  of  whom  o3,900 
had  been  on  the  free  list,  was  emphatically  the  fruit 
of  the  charity  of  the  people  of  Philadelphia,  and  of 
the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  all  the  work  just  cited 
having  been  effected  without  assistance  from  city, 
county,  or  the  State,  Avith  the  exception  of  certain 
small  appropriations  made  by  the  Provincial  Assem- 
bl}^,  and  by  the  State  legislature  towards  the  close 
of  the  last  century,  and  which  latter  sum  had  been 
expended  in  the  erection  of  the  original  building  in 
the  city  of  Philadelphia.  The  appeal  shows  that 
the  Hospital  authorities  have  been  compelled,  for 
some  years  past,  to  listen  "  to  the  urgent  entreaties 
almost  daily  made  for  accommodations  which  do  not 
exist;"  it  recites  the  fact  that  insanity,  to  be  success- 
fully treated,  must  be  treated  early,  and  that,  there- 
fore, cases  thus  deferred  by  necessity,  grow  more  and 
more  hopeless ;  it  argues  that  insanity  is  much  more 
successfully  treated,  as  a  rule,  in  hospitals  specially 
adapted  to  the  purpose,  than  at  home ;  and  reasserts 
the  now  Avell-proved fact  that  "the  present  institutions 
are  more  than  full,  the  demands  for  admission  are 
steadily  increasing,  and  additional  buildings  must  be 
promptly  provided,  or  great  loss  and  suffering  must 


48 

soon  result  to  the  community/'  It  goes  on  to  say 
that,  in  order  to  meet  these  demands,  "a  plan  has 
recently  been  proposed  by  the  phj^sician  of  the  Hos- 
pital for  the  insane,  after  a  careful  study  of  the  whole 
subject,  which  meets  the  entire  approbation  of  this 
Board,  which  they  cordially  commend  to  the  sympathy 
of  the  whole  community,  and  to  carr}^  out  which 
thoi'oughly,  they  now  make  this  earnest  appeal  to 
their  fellow-citizens."'  The  appeal  states  that  a  sum 
of  $250,000  will  be  required  to  carr}^  out  the  object, 
and  that  the  payment  of  no  contribution  will  be  asked 
for,  until  at  least  $150,000  shall  have  been  subscribed. 
They  propose,  also,  to  perpetuate  the  memory  of  any 
one  who  shall  subsciibe  $10,000,  b}^  naming  one  of  the 
wards,  into  which  the  Hospital  will  be  divided,  after 
the  donor;  and  also  that  the  gift  of  $5000  shall  be 
considered  as  securing  forever  one  free  bed. 

Up  to  the  s luring  of  1855,  more  than  $127,000  had 
been  subscribed,  and  the  Managers  were  determined 
to  begin  the  work,  so  soon  as  the  sum  of  $150,000 
should  be  reached. 

In  the  spring  of  1856,  the  subscriptions  had  reached 
the  sum  of  $209,000,  of  Avhich  amount,  however, 
sixteen  subscriljcrs  of  $1000  each  conditioned  their 
gift  on  the  basis  that  the  whole  sum,  $250,000,  should 
be  raised  before  the  close  of  the  year  1857. 

The  new  building  was  begun  on  the  7th  <-iuly, 
1856,  and  was  opened  for  the  reception  of  patients  on 
the  27th  of  October,  1859. 

"It  is  situated,"  says  the  Keport,  "in  full  view  and 
on  the  western  side  of  the  buildiugs  previously  in  use, 


44 

al  a  (listaiieo  in  a  riglit  line  of  648  yards,  and  in  the 
midst  oC  liliy  acres  of  pleasure-gTOuiids  and  gardens, 
the  "whole  of  Avhich  are  surrounded  by  a  substantial 
stone-wall  covered  with  flagging,  and  of  an  average 
height  of  ten  and  a  half  feet.  The  gate  of  entrance 
is  on  Forty-ninth  Street  (an  avenue  intended  to  be 
100  feet  wide),  between  Market  and  Ilavei'ford  Streets, 
and  by  each  of  which,  by  means  of  horse  railroads, 
easy  access  to  Forty-ninth  Street  can  be  had  at  all 
seasons. 

"  This  new  Hospital  faces  the  Avest,  and  consists  of 
a  centre  building,  with  wings  running'  north  and 
south,  making  a  front  of  512  feet ;  of  other  wings, 
connected  Avith  each  of  those  just  referred  to,  running 
east  a  distance  of  167  feet,  all  three  stories  high,  and 
these  last  having  at  their  extreme  ends  communications 
with  extensive  one-storied  buildings.  All  the  exterior 
walls  are  of  stone,  stuccoed,  and  the  interior  are  of 
brick. 

"  This  arrangement  gives  provision  for  the  accom- 
modation of  sixteen  distinct  classes  of  male  patients 
in  the  new  building,  as  the  same  number  of  classes 
of  females  are  now  provided  for  in  that  previously  in 
use.  Each  of  these  sixteen  wards  has  connected 
with  it,  besides  the  corridors  for  promenading  and 
the  chambers  of  the  patients  and  attendants,  a  parlor, 
a  dining-room,  a  bath-room,  a  Avater-closet,  a  urinal, 
a  sink-room,  a  wash-room,  a  drying-closet,  a  store- 
i-oom  for  brushes  and  buckets,  a  clothes-room,  a  dumb- 
waiter, a  dust-flue,  and  a  stairway  passing  out  of 
doors,  if  desired,  without   communication  with   the 


45 

other  wards;  and  every  room  in  the  bnilding,  ahnost 
without  exception,  has  a  flue  communicating  with  the 
fresh  air  duct,  for  warm  or  cool  air,  according  to  the 
season  (and  hereafter  to  be  referred  to),  and  with  the 
main  ventilatino-  trunks  which  terminate  in  the  various 
ventiUitors  on  the  roof  of  the  building. 

"The  centre  building  is  115  by  73  feet.  It  has  a 
handsome  doric  portico  of  granite  in  front,  and  is 
surmounted  by  a  dome  of  good  proportions,  in  which 
are  placed  the  iron  tanks  from  which  the  whole  build- 
ing is  supplied  with  water.  The  lantern  on  the  dome 
is  119  feet  from  the  pavement,  and  from  it  is  a 
beautiful  panoramic  vicAV  of  the  fertile  and  highly 
improved  surrounding  country,  the  Delaware  and 
Schuylkill  Rivers,  and  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  with 
its  many  prominent  objects  of  interest." 

The  new  building  had  cost,  with  its  various  fixtures 
and  arrangements,  up  to  1859,  $322,512.86,  and 
$30,000  additional  were  required  to  meet  other  lia- 
bilities that  had  been  incurred. 

It  is  impossible  for  me — I  have  not  the  space — to 
describe  in  detail  the  various  interesting  points  con- 
nected with  the  internal  arrangements,  the  housekeep- 
ing— so  to  speak — of  the  new  Hospital. 

Of  all  the  matters  connected  with  the  domestic 
arrangements  of  a  hospital,  nothing  is  more  impor- 
tant than  the  heating  and  ventilation.  To  su[)ply  to 
each  person  so  many  cubic  feet  of  fresh  air  ])er  hour, 
winter  and  summer,  has  been  long  one  of  the  \n-()\)- 
lems  over  which  medical  men,  architects,  builders, 
and  housekeepers  have  ])uzzkHl.     '^i'he  new  building 


46 

is  voiuilated  by  a  Ihn.  driven  by  slcain.  The  fan  is 
(^f  east  iron,  witli  an  extreme  diameter  of  10  feet, 
and  a  width  of  4  feet.  It  makes  from  30  to '60 
revdhitions  per  niinnte,  as  may  be  required.  The 
fresh  air  passing  to  the  fan,  is  received  from  a  tower, 
40  feet  high,  so  that  all  surface  exhalations  are 
avoided.  The  air  is  then  driven  through  a  duct,  8j 
by  lOj  feet  at  the  month,  into  all  parts,  distant  as 
well  as  near,  of  the  building.  "From  this  cold-air 
duct,  openings  lead  into  the  difterent  warm-air 
chambers,  which  in  the  one-storied  buildings  are 
covered  with  slate ;  but,  in  all  other  parts  of  the 
Hospital,  these  chambers  and  air-ducts  are  arched 
with  brick,  laid  with  smooth  joints.  The  warm  air, 
in  nearly  all  cases,  is  admitted  near  the  floor,  aud  the 
ventilators  open  near  the  ceiling,  always  in  the  inte- 
rior corridor"  walls.  The  diflerent  ventilating  flues 
terminate  in  the  attic  in  close  ducts,  either  of  brick 
or  w  ood,  smoothly  plastered,  increasing  in  size  about 
thirty  per  cent,  more  rapidly  than  the  capacity  of  the 
flues  entering  them,  by  wdiich,  through  the  difterent 
belvideres  on  the  roof,  they  communicate  with  the 
external  atmosphere.  In  the  centre-building,  the 
ventilation  is  throu"-h  the  dome. 

Besides  the  fan,  there  is  another  feature  in  the 
method  of  ventilation  which  I  must  refer  to.  The 
gases  from  the  boiler  enter  a  common  flue,  which 
passes  on  to  an  underground  flue,  four  feet  wide  and 
six  feet  high,  a  distance  of  557  feet,  ascending  31 
feet  in  its  course,  till  it  comes  to  the  foot  of  the  main 
chimney,  Avhich  rises  to  a  height  of  78  feet  above 


47 

the  surfiice  of  the  ground.  The  chimney  is  six  feet 
in  diameter  from  bottom  to  top,  and  it  is  made  the 
ventilating  power  for  securing  a  strong  downward 
draft  of  air  throngh  all  the  water  closets,  nrinals, 
sinks,  and  bath-tubs  in  the  entire  establishment.  It 
is  placed,  therefore,  in  a  central  position  on  the  eastern 
side  of  the  building. 

What  could  be  more  perfect  than  this?  In  the 
original  plans  for  the  building  all  these  points  had 
been  provided  for.  The  cellar  was  dug  and  propor- 
tioned, the  foundation  walls  laid,  the  different  stories 
built,  and  the  floors  and  walls  pierced,  as  they  were 
under  the  Avorkmen's  hands,  by  the  ducts,  passages, 
and  flues  necessary  for  this  magnificent  system  of 
ventilation.  I  doubt  whether  there  is  in  the  United 
States,  a  public  building  more  admirably  adapted  for 
its  purposes,  than  this  department  for  the  males  ot 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  for  the  Insane. 

The  building  is  heated  entirely  by  steam.  No  fire 
is  used  in  any  part  of  it  for  heating  purposes,  though 
open  fireplaces  have  been  introduced  into  all  the 
parlors  and  many  of  the  large  rooms,  in  case  they 
should  be  needed.  The  only  fii-es  inside  its  walls  are 
those  in  the  kitchen,  bake-,  and  ironing-rooms.  The 
boilers  for  the  generation  of  steam  arc  in  the  engine- 
room,  which  is  placed  71  feet  beyond  the  nearest  point 
of  the  Hospital  building,  thus  avoiding  all  danger  of 
fire  to  the  main  building,  much  of  the  danger  of  ex- 
plosion, which,  tliough  so  improbable,  must  be  con- 
sidered, and  all  noise,  dust,  and  other  small  inconve- 
niences.    The  steam  is  carried  IVoiii  tlic  boilers  by  a 


48 

rive-iiuli  wokled  iron  pi])C  to  the  cellar  of  the  Hospital 
l)uilding,  and  is  there  distribnted  into  eighty-three 
air-chambers,  from  Avhich  direct  Hues  lead  into  the 
apartments  above. 

I  might,  had  I  time,  say  a  great  deal  more  upon 
many  interesting  points — about  the  water-supply, 
obtained  from  large  springs  within  the  grounds,  and, 
of  late,  by  a  direct  communication  with  the  city 
water  works ;  of  the  powerful  steam-pumps,  capable 
of  raising  10,000  gallons  per  hour,  and  of  the  water- 
tanks  in  the  dome,  which  hold  21,000  gallons.  I 
might  describe  the  carpenter  shop,  the  carriage 
house  and  stables,  the  patients'  rooms,  the  window 
and  corridor-guards,  the  stairways,  most  of  which 
are  fire-proof,  the  sewerage,  which  is  admirable,  the 
bath-rooms  and  water-closets,  of  which  there  are 
twent3''-one  in  the  building,  beside  those  in  the 
patients'  rooms,  the  lighting,  furniture,  cooking  and 
distribution  of  food,  the  provision  against  fire,  the 
laundry  arrangements,  the  pleasure-gardens,  and  a 
number  of  other  things,  but  must  refer  the  reader 
who  Avishes  to  have  a  clear  understanding  of  the 
great  amount  of  thought  and  intelligence,  necessary 
to  take  care  of  a  family  of  250  insane  persons,  to 
the  reports  of  the  physician-in-chief,  and  especially 
to  the  Report  for  the  year  1859.  Let  any  one  study 
these  reports,  and  then  reflect  upon  the  extent,  variet}^, 
and  minuteness  of  the  provision  made,  and  I  am  sure 
he  will  not  cavil  about  the  expensiveness  of  a  great 
hospital,  but  will  see  for  himself  that  expense  is 
unavoidable. 


49 

Occasionally,  an  outcry  has  been  raised  against  what 
the  objectors  have  been  pleased  to  call  "palaces  for  the 
insane."  What  would  these  critics  have  ?  A  build- 
ing to  contain  from  200  to  250  patients,  with  officers, 
attendants,  cooks,  bakers;  with  offices,  sitting-rooms, 
bed-rooms,  bath-rooms,  water-closets,  ironing-rooms, 
and  kitchens ;  can  such  a  building  be  other  than  large 
and  imposing?  Is  it  a  palace,  simply  because  it  is 
vast?  This  element  of  size  cannot  be  avoided,  and 
the  question  reduces  itself  to  the  simple  alternative. 
Shall  the  so-called  palace  be  imposing  by  the  huge- 
ness of  its  deformity,  or  by  fitness  for  its  purposes,  and 
by  the  beauty  of  its  outlines  ? 

But  such  cavils  against  insane  hospitals  come  only 
from  the  thoughtless.  I  have  always  felt,  and  shall 
always  feel,  grateful  to  the  Managers  of  this  Hospital, 
for  the  fine  taste  they  have  shown  in  the  style  and 
architecture  of  these  buildings.  Amongst  the  pious 
uses  of  money  is  the  embellishment  of  cities.  Mr. 
Binney,  in  his  famous  argument  for  this  city  in  the 
Girard  will  case,  shows  that  property  was  left  ^^  ad 
pias  causas,^^  or  "  charitable  uses,"  in  the  earliest 
periods  of  English  history.  At  page  78  of  the  printed 
argument  he  says  that  "  charitable  uses  were  settled 
at  common  law  long  before  the  earliest  of  these  dates 
(1807, 1334, 1377),  and,  doubtless,  from  the  first  dawn 
of  Christianity."  He  adds :  "  Any  person  who  was  an 
object  of  compassion,  an  orphan,  widow,  or  pauper, 
destitute  of  support  from  himself,  those  rendered 
infirm  by  disease  or  age,  being  also  poor — the  w;i tell- 
ing of  a  city,  the  repairing  of  bridges,  walls,  and 
4 


50 

(litclu's  o['  i\  t'itv  or  castle;  tlie  ornaments  and  fabrics 
of  churches  ;  lights,  anniversaries,  and  incidents  relat- 
ini;-  to  divine  worship;  these  were  all  inclnded  under 
jJi'ce  causcB.'"  In  the  opening  of  his  argument  before 
the  Supreme  Court,  he  makes  use  of  this  idea  of  the 
embellishment  of  our  city,  as  one  of  the  chief  grounds 
on  -which  he  claims  the  judgment  and  sympathy  of 
the  court,  for  he  declares  that  the  complainants 
ao'ainst  the  citv  "now  claim  the  decree  of  this  Court 
to  defeat  the  great  purpose  of  his  (Girard's)  life," 

"to  frustrate  the  two  nearest  and  dearest  wishes 

of  his  heart,  and  the  t\vo  noblest  objects  upon  earth 
that,  Uving  or  dying,  can  fill  the  heart  of  any  man,  the 
instruction  and  succor  of  the  fatherless  poor,  and  the 
security,  comfort,  and  embellishment  of  a  great  city." 
Observe  how  Mr.  Binney  puts  the  case  before  the 
o-rand  and  august  body  he  is  addressing — the  two 
noblest  objects  a  man  can  have,  charit}^  to  the  poor 
and  needy,  and  the  securit}^,  comfort,  and  embellish- 
ment of  a  great  city. 

We  cannot  be  too  thankful  that  the  buildings  for 
the  insane  were  made  handsome,  striking,  and  pic- 
turesque. Some  one  of  these  cavillers,  or  any  one  of 
us,  may  yet  have  to  place  in  an  insane  asylum  some 
one  near  and  dear  to  us.  AYho  knows  what  the 
morrow  shall  bring  forth  ?  If  it  were  to  be  so,  should 
we  choose  a  building  with  the  air  of  a  prison,  peni- 
tentiary, or  great  uncouth  and  rambling  hotel,  or  a 
Avell-proportioned,  attractive,  and  imposing  house  for 
the  poor  afflicted  one  to  dwell  in? 

'No,  for  one,  I  rejoice  in  these  handsome  and  attrac- 


51 

tive  buildings  for  the  insane.  I  think  it  must  be  only 
a  weak,  pitiful  mind,  and  a  cruel  soul,  that  would 
refuse  to  these  afflicted  ones  such  sweet  pleasures  of 
the  senses  as  we  may  be  able  to  give  them. 

The  next  stej)  taken  by  the  Managers  was  the  re- 
pair and  improvement  of  the  original  building,  which 
had  now  become  the  department  for  females.  It 
had  been  in  constant  use  for  nineteen  years,  and  had 
been  all  the  time  so  full  that  but  few  repairs  could 
be  undertaken.  It  was  thoroughly  repaired.  The 
heating  apparatus  was  overhauled,  all  the  water-hx- 
tures,  bath-rooms,  and  water-closets  were  put  in 
complete  order,  often  by  an  eutire  renewal  of  the 
fixtures ;  one  new  bath-room  and  six  new  water- 
closets  were  introduced,  and  a  great  deal  more  was 
done  which  I  cannot  particularize.  Two  new  and 
fine  rooms  were  arranged,  one  to  be  used  as  a  recep- 
tion ward,  and  the  other  as  a  sewing  ward,  for  the 
use  o*f  the  patients.  The  lecture-room  was  elegantly 
and  newly  fitted  up  by  a  friend  to  the  Hospital.  This 
work  was  done  in  the  year  1860,  and  cost  about 
125,000. 

In  18(56,  reference  is  made  to  the  necessity  lor  a 
new  ward  at  the  women's  department.  In  1867,  this 
additional  ward  was  in  process  of  erection.  It  was 
intended  for  "a  class  of  cases  of  the  deepest  interest — 
for  persons  very  sick,  and  for  those  laboring  under 
acute  affections  of  the  brain,  accom[)anied  by  high 
excitement,  and  requiring  the  utmost  care  and  pri- 
vacy, and  yet,  for  ol)vi()us  reasons,  not  (•()mf()i-tal)ly 
situated  in  any   oC   the  ordinary   wai'ds.''     This  had 


52 

boon  ailiniral)ly  ])r(n  'uled  (or  in  tlu3  new  department, 
thai  tor  males,  hut  not  in  that  lor  females.  As  the 
wards  of  the  latter  l)eeame  lull,  the  necessity  for 
extra  accommodations  for  this  class  of  cases  became 
more  and  more  apparent.  About  this  time,  a  benevo- 
lent citizen  of  Philadelphia,  a  childless  man  and 
unmarried,  Joseph  Fisher,  left  by  will  to  the  con- 
tributors of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  one-half  of 
the  residue  of  his  estate  ""  to  be  devoted  to  extending 
and  improving  the  accommodations  for  the  insane." 
The  total  amount  received  by  the  Hospital  was 
$57,511.57.     He  died  in  18(32. 

The  new  building  was  commenced  in  1867,  and 
finished  in  1868.  It  w^as  opened  for  use  in  December, 
1868,  and  was  called  the  "Fisher  Ward."  Some  years 
later,  in  1873,  when  a  second  building  of  the  same 
kind  was  erected,  from  the  funds  of  the  same  estate, 
the  former  w^as  called  the  "South  Fisher  AYard,"  and 
the  latter  the  ":N'orth  Fisher  Ward." 

The  South  Fisher  Ward  is  placed  on  the  south  side 
of  the  large  yard,  belonging  to  the  third  south  ward, 
and  connects  with  the  eighth  Avard,  on  the  south 
side  of  the  Hospital,  by  a  passage  taken  from  the 
drying-room.  The  building  is  112  feet  long,  by  27 1 
feet  wide,  and  has  two  stories,  each  12  feet  in  height. 
It  is  built  of  brick,  is  stuccoed,  and  has  a  slate  roof. 
The  connection  with  the  eighth  w-ard  is  fire-proof. 
The  Xorth  Fisher  Ward  is  on  the  east  side  of  the  JS^orth 
fifth  W'ard,  Avith  Avhich  it  is  connected  by  a  light  and 
air}"  vestibule  11|  by  8^  feet,  and  through  w^hich  ac- 
cess  may  be  had  to  the   new  ward,  Avithout  going 


53 

throug-h  any  part  of  the  Hospital.  This  building  is 
125  by  40  feet,  and  has  two  stories,  each  12  feet  high. 
It  is  built  of  brick,  above  the  foundation-walls,  which 
are  of  stone.  All  the  brick  walls  are  hollow,  an  air- 
space being  left  between  the  outer  and  inner  portions. 

The  internal  arrangements  of  these  wards  are  per- 
fect. It  is  impossible  foi*  me  to  describe  them  in 
detail ;  but  let  any  one  who  may  read  this  history  ex- 
amine for  himself,  and  he  will  say  that  few  private 
houses  have  such  conveniences.  The  South  Fisher 
Ward  has,  on  the  first  floor,  besides  bath-rooms, 
water-closets,  and  clothes-closets,  nine  rooms  for  pa- 
tients, each  about  10  by  14J  feet ;  in  a  few  instances, 
two  are  thrown  too-ether.  The  rooms  are  on  one  side 
of  a  corridor,  partly  8j,  and  partly  lOJ  feet  wide,  and 
with  two  bay-windows  projecting  more  than  four  feet, 
in  each  story.  The  second  story  has  very  nearly  the 
same  arrangement.  All  the  patients'  rooms  have  a 
cheerful  southern  exposure,  with  large  windows,  the 
upper  sashes  of  Avhich  are  of  iron,  immovable,  while  the 
lower  are  of  wood,  and  ma}^  be  raised  to  their  full 
height,  having  ornamental  wrought-iron  guards  on  the 
outside.     The  windows  all  have  Venetian  shutters. 

The  !N^orth  Fisher  Ward  has  two  stories,  with  rooms 
on  both  sides  of  a  corridor  12  feet  wide ;  it  has  large 
bay-windows  at  either  end,  and  another  in  an  alcove 
or  parlor  12  feet  by  20,  on  the  south  side.  These  bay- 
windows  light  the  corridors  admirably  well.  Each  of 
the  two  stories  is  so  arranged  that  it  may  be  divided, 
foi-  the  sake  of  quiet  and  privac}',  into  three  sections, 
by  means  of  sliding  doors,  which  have  ground  glass 


54 

in  tlu'ir  paiu'ls.  The  size  of  tlio  jiaticiits'  rooms  varies 
rioni  !>  l)v  11  to  L'>  l)y  11  leet,  and  some  oi'  tlu'in  ai"e 
c-oiinoc'ti'd.  Jn  eac-h  alcove  is  j^laeed  a  ])iaiio,  and  in 
each  bay-window  a  cottage  organ. 

The  heating  and  ventilating  arrangements  for  these 
two  wards  are  on  the  same  general  plan  as  those  of 
the  department  for  males.  Great  attention  was  paid, 
during  the  erection  of  the  buildings,  to  these  points. 
The  heating  is  by  steam,  and  the  ventilation  by  a  fan. 
The  air,  after  being  warmed  by  contact  with  the  steam 
radiators,  passes  into  flues,  all  of  which,  both  for  heat 
and  ventilation,  are  in  the  interior  corridor  walls,  com- 
pletely filling  them.  They  are  made  of  ver^^  smooth 
terra  cotta,  with  rounded  corners,  each  3  by  13  inches, 
and  are  placed  in  the  centre  of  the  Avails,  The  warm 
air  is  admitted  near  the  floor  into  every  room,  and  in 
numerous  places  in  the  corridors.  The  ventilating 
flues,  corresponding  with  the  heating  in  number  and 
size,  have  openings  invai  iably  near  the  floor,  and  also 
near  the  ceiling,  all  of  which  can  be  controlled  by  keys 
provided  for  the  purpose.  The  air  passes  through 
these  ventilating  flues  into  the  attic,  the  whole  of 
which  in  the  middle  of  the  building — 12  feet  wide — is 
a  foul  air-duct,  Avith  a  division  through  its  centre,  so 
as  to  prevent  any  interference  Avith  currents  from  op- 
posite sides.  The  foul  air  is  finally  carried  off'  into 
chimneys  ha\nng  an  ascending  current  of  heated  air. 
The  AA'ater-closets  all  ha\^e  a  doAVUAvard  draft,  connect- 
ing Avith  these  chimneys. 

The  South  Fisher  Ward  cost  $24,850 ;  the  Xorth 
Fisher  Ward  building  cost  $31,250.01,  its  heating  and 


55 

ventilation,  water,  and  gas  arrangements  $8207.62, 
and  it8  furnitnre  $3831.49. 

I  have  now  traced  the  history  of  the  Insane  De- 
partment from  1851  to  1873,  when  it  stood  before  the 
world  much  as  it  stands  now,  an  institution  with  two 
expensive  and  very  handsome  buildings,  situated  on 
a  fine  landed  property  of  113  acres,  on  the  edge  of 
one  of  the  great  cities  of  America,  and  close  to  a  park 
of  2700  acres,  which  I  have  heard  called  by  a  tra- 
velled gentleman  of  great  taste  and  experience  "the 
finest  rural  di'ive  in  the  world."  These  tw^o  large 
buildings,  with  their  annexes,  afibrd  room,  each,  for 
250  patients.  In  1875,  the  total  number  of  patients 
was  681.  The  highest  number  at  any  one  time  was 
150,  the  lowest  106,  and  the  average  number  during 
the  whole  period  was  430;  208  males,  and  222  females. 

And  the  wonder  of  it !  that  this  fine  estate  should 
have  been  bought,  and  the  noble  buildings  which 
adorn  it,  erected,  without  state  or  government  aid  of 
any  kind.  Except  that  the  Provincial  Assembly  of 
Pennsylvania  voted  a  small  sum  in  1751,  and  that  the 
Assembly  gave,  at  the  close  of  the  last  century,  about 
seventy  thousand  dollars  for  the  erection  of  the  city 
buildings,  the  Hospital  has  had  no  aid  from  state  or 
city  government.  It  has  lived  and  grown  great  upon 
the  free  gifts  of  the  citizens  of  Philadelphia  and 
Pennsylvania. 

The  land  was  purchased — as  has  been  told  l)y  Di-. 
Wood— in  1836,  for  30,000  dollars.  This  money,  and 
the  cost  of  the  first  building  erected — that  which  is 
now  the  department  for  females — was  obtained  by  the 


56 

sale  oi^  oj)on  lot'^  nrouiul  the  city  liospitnl,  Avliicli  liad 
been  pui-cliasedbv  the  Manao-ers  inaiiy  years  before  at 
a  vei'v  1(nv  price.  Soon  aftei-  the  o})enino-  of  the  Insane 
Department,  it  became  overcrowded,  as  I  have  ah'eady 
told,  and  it  was  phiinly  necessary  either  to  restrict  the 
admissions,  or  to  increase  the  accommodations. 

Once  again,  in  1866,  it  became  necessary  to  ei'ect 
some  uc^y  waids  for  the  Female  Department.  The 
accommodations  for  a  certain  class  of  patients  were 
not  so  good  in  the  department  for  females  as  in  that 
for  males,  as  the  latter  had  been  planned  and  built 
after  all  the  experience  gained  for  ^^ears  in  the  former. 
It  was,  therefore,  thought  necessary  to  have  some  ad- 
ditional and  better  accommodations  for  this  class  of 
cases.  Out  of  this  arose  the  two  beautiful,  most 
complete,  and  perfect  wards  for  this  end  that  I  can 
imagine — the  Fisher  wards. 

I  have  to  advert  next  to  some  of  the  interior  con- 
cerns of  the  Hospital,  some  of  which  are  of  purely 
medical,  and  some  of  general  public  interest.  I  refer 
specially  to  the  provision  made  for  the  comfort,  hap- 
piness, and  cure  of  the  patients.  An  insane  hospital 
differs  from  all  others  in  one  important  point:  few  of 
the  patients  pass  less  than  several  months  inside  its 
w^alls,  and  many  are  destined  to  pass  years,  or  even 
the  greater  part  of  a  lifetime,  within  these  narrow 
limits;  were  nothing  done  for  the  occupation  and  re- 
creation of  these  unfortunates,  their  home  would  be 
little  better  than  a  jail.  But  this  is  not  all.  Their 
cure  depends  largely  upon  the  moral  treatment  brought 
to  bear  upon  them. 


57 

The  reports  from  year  to  year  demonRtrate  that  not 
drugs  alone,  and  a  life  such  as  is  led  in  hospitals  for 
the  sick,  will  suffice  for  the  insane.  It  is  plain  that, 
to  cure  the  curable  and  comfort  the  incurable,  there 
must  be  supplied  to  the  patients  fresh  air,  exercise, 
occupation,  and  amusement.  These  things,  Avhich 
the  healthy  child  or  man  makes  for  himself  as  natu- 
rally as  the  bird  sings,  the  ant  toils,  and  the  kids  skip 
upon  the  hills,  it  becomes  the  duty  of  the  medical 
authorities  of*  an  insane  hospital  to  supply  to  its  in- 
mates. From  the  earliest  period  of  Dr.  Kirkbride's 
connection  with  the  Hospital,  he  has  been  toiling  in 
this  direction.  In  the  earlier  reports,  these  matters 
are  treated  under  the  head  of  the  Farm  and  Garden, 
Workshop  and  Mechanical  Department,  Ward  Libra- 
ries, Museum,  and  Reading  Rooms,  as  in  1852;  in 
the  later  reports,  they  are  described  under  the  title  of 
"  Evening  Entertainments,  Occupation,  and  Amuse- 
ment of  the  Patients." 

In  1853,  it  is  related  that  the  ninth  course  of  lec^ 
tures  and  evening  entertainments  is  now  in  progress. 

In  18G6,  the  RejDort  says,  "  the  importance  of  eve- 
ning entertainments,  as  now  conducted  here,  can 
hardly  be  overestimated.  The  long  experience  we 
have  had  has  only  tended  to  confirm  this  conviction, 
and  each  year  we  have  been  able  to  add  something 
that  tended  to  increase  their  attractiveness  and  effi- 
cacy. For  the  first  time,  I  am  able  to  report  that  at 
the  Department  for  Females,  every  evening  in  the 
week  is  now  provided  with  some  means  of  breaking 
up  the  monotony  of  the  wards,  formerly  so  universal 


in  instil  iilions  Cor  1  lie  iiisniu'.  It  is  not  many  years 
sinci'  tlie  condition  ol'  tlic  |)atients,  in  tlu'ii-  hadly 
liu-hlc'd  lialls,  Avithont  any  moans  of  passing  the 
dreary  lionrs  that  came  n])on  them  every  day  ))e- 
tweeii  their  evening  meal  and  hedtime,  was  certainly 
one  of  the  saddest  sights  witnessed  in  too  many  of 
these  establishments.  In  this  Hospital,  of  the  seven 
e\enings  of  the  w^eek,  for  nine  months  of  the  year, 
one  is  now  devoted  to  reading  of  the  Bible  and  sacred 
music,  three  to  lectures,  exhibition  of  dissolving 
views  with  music,  or  concerts,  in  the  lecture-room, 
two  to  light  gymnastic  exercises  with  music  in  the 
new  hall  put  up  expressly  for  that  purpose,  and  one 
to  tea  parties  in  the  resident  officers'  department,  and 
at  which  all  the  officers  are  generally  present.  These 
last  are  composed  of  as  many  patients  as  the  dining- 
room  will  accommodate,  and  the  officers'  weekly 
parties  have  now  become  one  of  the  regular  means  of 
passing  our  evenings.  Care  is  taken,  as  far  as  pos- 
si])le,  to  invite  those  who  will  be  most  likely  to  enjoy 
each  other's  society,  and  it  has  been  found  that  there 
was  no  w^ard  that  was  not  able  to  take  its  turn  in 
these  pleasant  reunions.  Even  of  those  from  the 
most  excited  wards,  and  of  the  most  chronic  class  of 
patients,  there  have  been  few  that  w^ere  not  able  to 
participate,  and  the  enjoyment  of  those  for  wdiom 
this  provision  was  made,  has  ver}^  rarely,  if  ever,  been 
diminished  by  any  unpleasant  occurrence." 

I  have  made  this  long  extract,  in  the  words  of  the 
Report,  that  the  reader  might  see  for  himself  how 
important,  as  a  means  of  treatment,  the   recreation 


59 

and  amusements  of  tlie  patients  have  become  in  this 
Hospital.  I  will  pause  for  a  moment  to  ask  whether 
these  experiences  of  an  intelligent  medical  observer, 
of  the  value  of  amusements  for  the  solace  and  cure 
of  the  insane,  ought  not  to  lead  us  to  a  higher  appre- 
ciation of  their  value  for  the  well.  Are  not  the 
Germans,  as  a  nation,  wiser  than  we,  in  the  national 
habit  they  have  foi'med  of  giving  more  of  their 
time  to  entertainment  and  relaxation?  They  do 
no  less  work  than  we,  of  all  kinds,  mental  and  mus- 
cular, and  yet  appear  to  suffer  less  from  insanity. 

In  the  Report  for  1858,  will  be  found  a  list  of  the 
subjects  treated  at  no  less  than  122  of  these  evening- 
lectures,  and  any  one,  who  will  take  the  trouble  to 
glance  at  the  list,  will  be  surprised,  I  am  sure,  at  its 
extent  and  variety,  and  yet  more  surprised  to  know 
that  the  hard-workin<>:  assistant  medical  officers  of  the 
house,  were  the  authors  of  much  the  larger  part. 
Surely,  the  post  of  assistant  physician  in  the  insane 
department  of  this  Hospital  has  been  no  sinecure. 

A  like  system  of  evening  entertainments,  with 
slight  differences,  is  carried  out  in  the  department  for 
males. 

Besides  the  resources  just  mentioned  for  the  whole- 
some occupation  and  amusement  of  the  patients  in 
the  evenings,,  other  analogous  means  are  employed  as 
amongst  the  most  valual)le  influences  in  the  medical 
and  moral  treatment  of  the  disease. 

Fresh  air  is  insisted  upon  by  means  of  walks  once, 
and,  in  proper  cases,  twice,  a  diiy  in  the  beautiful 
grounds  of  the  institution,  which   have  l)een  so  ar- 


60 

ran^vd  lliat,  within  the  iiiiioty-onc  acres  that  are 
inelosed,  there  are  nearly  four  miles  of  dry  walks  and 
drives.  The  Hospital  keeps,  moreover,  all  the  car- 
riag-es  it  can  afford,  and  donkeys  and  ponies,  and  every 
day  that  will  allow  all  these  means  of  locomotion  are 
put  into  use.  Let  no  one  sujipose  that  there  is  ex- 
travagance in  this.  All  this  apparatus  belongs  to 
the  methods  of  cure,  and  a  large  part  of  it  consists 
of  free  gifts.  It  is  touching  to  read,  year  after  year, 
the  acknowledgments  to  kind  friends  of  the  Hospital 
for  a  horse  for  the  use  of  the  patients ;  for  the  loan 
of  a  horse  ;  for  a  second-hand  carriage ;  for  a  pony, 
for  a  donkey  for  the  use  of  the  patients ;  for  money 
to  fit  up  the  lecture-room ;  and  for  money  to  build  a 
new  reading-room.  Many,  indeed  most,  of  the  special 
means  of  occupation  I  have  referred  to,  are  the  fruit 
of  numerous  small  gifts  from  many  different  hands. 
The  gardens,  both  vegetable  and  flower,  the  workshop 
and  mechanical  department,  the  lawms,  the  Avalks,  the 
roads,  the  calisthenics,  each  for  its  proper  cases 
and  sex,  are  employed  to  secui-e  that  muscular 
work  which  is  knowai  to  be  so  valuable  an  aid 
in  the  treatment  of  nervous  diseases.  In  1864, 
there  w^as  erected  by  the  "  generous  liberality  of  our 
friends,  for  the  special  benefit  and  amusement  of  the 
patients"  a  new  building,  called  the  Gymnastic  Hall, 
near  the  north  return  wing  of  the  Department  for 
Females.  This  hall  could  not  have  been  built  from 
the  ordinary  resources  of  the  Hospital,  but,  as  has 
often  happened,  when  the  need  was  known,  friends 
came  forward  and  supplied  the  money  for  the  special 


61 

purpose.  The  building  is  51  by  32  feet  in  the  inside, 
with  a  ceiUng  17  feet  high.  There  are  two  corridors 
of  good  size,  the  floor  is  double,  and  the  hall  is  well 
arranofed  for  heatino^  and  lio-htino:.  It  contains  an 
excellent  piano  and  a  fine  melodeon.  Comfortable  seats 
are  provided  for  about  one  hundred  and  thirty  per- 
sons, while  the  portion  of  the  floor  specially  devoted 
to  the  exercises  is  -10  by  17  feet.  A  system  of  light 
gymnastics  had  been  introduced  under  a  proper 
teacher,  and  it  is  pleasing  to  observe,  from  3'ear  to 
year,  the  great  interest  felt  by  the  patients  in  this,  to 
them,  unsuspected  method  of  treatment.  In  1866, 
they  had  been  continued  for  three  years,  and  the 
interest  in  them  was  undiminished.  The  class  exer- 
cising averaged  between  twenty  and  thirty,  and  the 
number  of  spectators  was  considerable.  In  the  Ke- 
port  for  1875,  we  read  that  the  '"  light  gymnastics,  for 
which  the  hall  bearing  that  name  was  specially  pro- 
vided, have  been  continued  regularly  for  eleven  years, 
with  undiminished  interest  and  usefulness."  Let  me 
repeat  that  this  constant  attention  to  what  might 
seem  to  be  a  mere  system  of  amusements,  constitutes 
one  of  the  most  potent  means  of  medical  treatment. 
They  are  as  purely  medical  as  Ling's  movement  cure, 
or  the  regular  exercises  to  the  sound  of  a  fife  and 
drum,  carried  out,  under  a  polytechnic  professor,  at 
the  Children's  Hospital  in  Paris.  They  are  as  truly 
scientific  medical  means  as  is  the  prescription  of  a 
^ew  York,  Philadelphia,  or  London  doctor,  to  a 
broken-down  banker,  broker,  or  professional  man,  with 


G2 

Ills  brain-lag,  \o  y;o  Id  J^ake  Superior,  to  the  Adiron- 
clacks,  or  to  the  Continent,  or  the  Sonth  of  Europe. 

No  one,  who  lias  not  visited  with  intelligent  care, 
and  nu>re  than  once  in  his  life,  an  insane  hospital,  or 
who  has  not  devoted  some  time  to  a  study  of  the 
rei)orts  of  such  hospitals,  can  conceive  of  the  multi- 
tude and  variety  of  arrangements  necessary  for  the 
proper  care  and  medical  treatment  of  the  patients. 

In  the  Report  for  1861,  I  find  a  suggestion  in 
regard  to  the  care  of  patients,  Avhich  it  is  proper  to 
mention.  The  constant  charge,  the  personal  care, 
the  watching,  the  nursing  of  the  insane,  that  care 
which  pai-ents  give  to  the  helpless  child,  devolves 
uj^on  the  attendants  or  nurses.  There  must  be  a 
sufficient  number  of  these  to  have  one,  at  least,  at 
all  times,  in  each  ward  with  the  patients.  This  rule 
renders  two  attendants  necessary  for  each  w^ard, 
for  some  patients  of  each  chiss  leave  the  Avard  to 
walk,  and  for  other  purposes,  and  there  must  be  a 
second  attendant  for  those  wdio  remain.  More  than 
this  may  be  necessary",  as,  for  instance,  when  some  of 
the  patients  are  particularly  troublesome,  dangerous 
to  others,  or  suicidal.  The  duties  of  these  nurses  are 
numerous  and  varied,  and  one  of  the  luxuries  of  a 
hospital  is  to  have  as  many  as  can  be  used  with 
advantage,  without  restriction  by  reason  of  scarcity 
of  funds.  It  was  suggested,  therefore,  in  1861,  that 
in  addition  to  the  ordinary  attendants  or  nurses,  there 
should  be  another  class  of  persons  to  be  called  com- 
panions, or,  as  they  have  sometimes  been  designated, 
teachers.     These  officers,  it  w  as  intended,  should  be 


63 

able  to  give  their  attention  wherever  specially  re- 
quired, and   to  devote  as  much   time   to  individual 
cases  as  might  be  deemed  profitable.     As  they  were 
to  have  no  ordinary  ward  duties,  they  could  devote 
themselves  to  the  task  of  rendering  the  patients  all 
such    services    as  would  tend   to  make   them   more 
contented  and  happy.    It  is  astonishing,  indeed,  how 
the  poor   insane   patient  will  brighten  up   and  be- 
come  cheerful   for  a  kind   word  spoken   in   season. 
They,  moreover,  it  was  thought,  would  have  a  good 
effect  upon  the  ordinary  attendants,  for  these,  know- 
ing  that,  in   addition   to   the  regular  visits   of  the 
physician  and  other  officers  of  the  house,  they  were 
liable  to  be  seen  at  any  moment  by  the  companions 
or  teachers,  would  be  more  careful  in  their  conduct 
towards   the  patients.     Accordingly,  in  1869,  I  find 
this  suggestion  in  full  operation.     At  "the  depart- 
ment  for   males,  there   are  two    supervisors,  Avhose 
duties  are  entirely  among  the  patients,  while,  at  the 
department  for  females,  there  are  one  supei'visor  and 
two  companions  to  those  under  care,  who,  released 
from  all  labor  in  the  wards,  devote  themselves  to  the 
comlbrt   and  well-being   of  the    patients,   each    one 
making  a  daily  written  report  to  the  chief  medical 
officer  of  the  respective  departments."     It  is  added 
in  the  report  that  it  is  in  this  direction  that  increased 
expenditure  may  be  profitably  made. 

Reference  has  already  been  made  to  the  sej^aration 
of  the  sexes,  at  the  time  when  the  demands  upon  the 
Hospital  became  so  urgent  as  to  render  the  erection 
of  a  new   building    necessary.     Previously  to    that 


(>4 

liuK',  in  this,  and,  I  believe,  to  this  day,  in  most  in- 
sane hospitals,  the  sexes  were  lodged  in  the  same 
bnilding,  either  in  opposite  wings,  or,  as  was  the  case 
in  the  old  insane  wards  of  this  institntion,  in  the  Pine 
Street  Hospital,  in  dili'erent  stories  of  the  same  Aving. 

In  185.'5,  in  nrging  the  erection  of  a  new  building, 
the  physician-in-chief  writes:  "I  know  of  no  benefit 
resulting  from  the  presence  of  the  two  sexes  in  the 
same  building,  and  there  are  various  disadvantages. 
AVhile  the  separation  of  the  sexes  Avould  prove  ad- 
vantageous, the  proximity  of  the  two  establishments 
might  be  made  mutually  beneficial."  As  we  have 
already  seen,  the  plan  of  having  a  building  for  each 
sex  Avas  adopted,  and  it  has  worked  so  well  that  the 
physician-in  chief  recommends  it  as  the  best,  wher- 
ever there  is  room  upon  the  grounds  and  funds  sufh- 
cient  for  the  purpose.  Among  the  advantages  enu- 
merated are  the  increase  in  the  liberty  of  the  patients, 
from  the  fact  that  their  pleasure  grounds,  drives,  and 
walks  can  be  doubled  in  extent,  and  the  fences  for- 
merly necessary  to  divide  the  grounds  be  taken  away. 
A  much  more  proper  classification,  also,  of  the  cases 
can  be  made.  Where,  formerly,  there  were  eight, 
there  are  now  sixteen  classes  for  each  sex.  The  men- 
tal condition  of  many  patients  is  said  to  be  less  trou- 
blesome under  this  arrangement.  These,  and  other 
facts,  induce  me  to  believe  that  there  are,  on  the 
whole,  many  advantages  in  the  separation  of  the  sexes, 
and  none,  unless  it  be  economy  of  space,  in  favor  of 
the  opposite  plan. 

In  the  Report   for  1875,  are   some  remarks  upon 


65 

mechanical  restraint.  The  ground  is  taken  that, 
while  every  effort  should  be  made  to  avoid  its  use 
as  far  as  possible,  no  inflexible  rule  ought  to  be 
made  against  it,  but  that  its  use  or  disuse  should  be 
left  to  the  physician-in-chief,  who  is,  after  all,  the 
only  person  really  competent  to  decide  the  question. 
Under  this  rule,  its  abuse  would  be  avoided,  since  no 
mere  attendant  or  inferior  officer  could,  upon  his  own 
will  or  judgment,  employ  it,  while  the  only  person  fit 
to  be  trusted  with  such  responsible  power,  would 
have  the  right  to  use  it  in  the  few  cases  where  it  is 
the  lesser  of  unavoidable  evils.  For  my  own  part,  I 
may  say  that  I  have  seen  cases  of  insanity  in  private 
practice,  in  which  enforced  confinement  to  a  chair  or 
bed,  from  time  to  time,  appeared  to  me  essential  to 
save  a  violent  patient  from  dangerous  exhaustion. 

Up  to  the  year  1875,  the  medical  duties  of  this 
department  had  been  carried  on  by  four  physicians, 
the  physician-in-chief,  with  an  assistant  physician 
for  the  department  of  females,  and  two  assistant 
physicians  in  the  other  department.  In  1875,  as  the 
Hospital  had  had  for  over  two  years  an  avei-age  of" 
more  than  two  hundred  patients  in  each  depart- 
ment, the  number  was  again  increased  in  accord- 
ance with  the  recommendation  of  the  Association 
of  Superintendents  of  the  Insane.  An  assistant 
physician  was  added  to  each  department,  making  six 
in  all.  This  increase  of  the  medical  staff  will  enable 
the  physicians  to  give  moi-c  time  to  the  wards,  to 
study  the  cases  thoroughly,  to  become  more  familiar 
with  such  patients  as  specially  need  personal   inter- 


()() 

('(MU-st,'  with,  and  the  moral  'mlliuMicc  of,  a  pliysiciaii, 
niul.  lastly,  to  make  scientific  records  of  the  great 
variety  of  mental  diseases  constantly  in  the  Hospital. 

Ilavino-  conclnded  what  I  have  to  say  in  detail  of 
thi>  history  of  the  Hospital,  I  wish,  before  closing 
this  imperfect  sketch,  to  make  some  remarks  npon 
the  institntion  as  a  whole. 

Little  conld  Dr.  Thomas  Bond,  or  even  that  many- 
sided  genins,  Franklin,  when  they  began  their  labors 
in  the  canse  of  this  Hospital,  foresee  to  what  a  height 
of  honor  and  nsefnlness  the  institntion  wonld  rise  in 
the  course  of  a  century  and  a  quarter.     Dr.  Thomas 
Bond  died  in  1784,  and  Franklin  in  1790.     They  had 
lived  long  enough  to  see  the  birth  of  their  idea,  and 
its  fair  progress  during  the  first  thirty-odd  years  of 
its  growth.     But  no  foresight  of  theirs,  either  prac- 
tical   or   poetic,  could  have  told  them  that,  in  one 
hundred  and  tw^enty-five  years,  this  institntion  would 
be  spending  annually,  in  the  care  of  the  sick   and 
wounded,  and  insane  patients,  nearly  twice  as  much 
money  as  its  whole  ca23ital  at  the  time  of  its  founda- 
tion ;  and  that  during  this  period  of  time,  a  century 
and  a  quarter,  it  would  have  had  under  its  roof  no 
less  than  103,074  patients,  of  which  number,  63,899 
were   indigent   poor,  who   had   to   be    boarded,  fed, 
medicined,  and  not  a  few,  partially  at  least,  clothed. 
Xow^the  Hospital  has  three  large  and  noble  buildings 
to  receive  its  sick;  it  owns  a  square  of  ground  in  the 
old  city,  and  113  acres  in  the  new  one  beyond  the 
Schuylkill,  of  the  future  existence  of  which  Bond  and 
Franklin  could  have  had  no  more  than  some  vague 
dream. 


67 

It  has  grown  great.  It  has  built  great  houses,  and 
built  them  apparently  on  the  rock.  It  has  tended  an 
army  of  the  sick.  Gould  the  destitute  sick  poor, 
who  have  passed  through  its  gates  Avithout  charge, 
be  marshalled  into  a  visible  arra}^,  Ave  should  behold 
an  army  greater  by  three-fold  than  the  largest 
Washington  ever  commanded,  and  only  a  few  thou- 
sand less  than  that  Avith  Avhich  AVellino^ton  arrested 
at  Waterloo  the  progi*ess  of  the  greatest  and  most 
insatiate  conqueror  of  the  modern  Avorld. 

And  how  has  this  army  been  lodged,  and  fed,  and 
ruled?  Under  what  system  of  administration  has  all 
this  been  effected?  Surely,  the  organization  of  so 
successful  a  staff  as  this  must  be  worth  some  study. 

The  poAver — the  actiA^e  energy — in  this  machine, 
lies  in  the  Board  of  Managers.  This  Board  has  but 
one  check  upon  it,  the  flict  that  it  must  be  elected 
annually  by  the  contributors.  The  contributors 
represent  the  latent  heat  of  the  machine,  which, 
should  it  become  necessary,  may  burst  into  active 
energy  of  its  OAvn.  Once  a  Manager  elected,  he 
serves  so  long  as  he  serves  well,  if  he  Avill  to  do  so,  for 
the  contributors  do  not  l)elieve,  fortunately^  for  this 
army  of  the  poor,  in  rotation  in  office,  but,  the  better 
a  Manager  does  his  Avork  of  managing,  and  the  longer 
he  has  served,  the  bettei-  the  contributors  like  him,  and 
the  less  they  Avill  disturb  him.  And  then — the  beaut}^ 
of  it — to  this  day,  he  serves  Avithout  pay.  AV^ere  he 
paid,  it  is  to  be  feared  that  the  poor  Avould  be  poorer, 
for  then  might  come  rotation  in  office,  and  locusts 


(IS 

and  i;rMsshoi)i)(.M-s,  who,  to  exist,  would  luivo  to  appro- 
priato  somo  of  the  <;ood  things  provided  for  the  poor. 
The  Board  of  Managers,  then,  is  the  vw  viva,  the 
soul,  heai't,  and  mind  of  the  Peinisylvania  Hospital. 
It    is    like   the    King — it   nevei-  dii's.     Composed  of 
twelve  men,  it  has  ehei-ishcd  and  ruled  the  Hospital 
for  one  lunidred  and  twenty-five  years.     It  elects  all 
the  officers  but  the  Treasurer.    It  collects  and  spends 
the  monc}''.    It  is  responsible  for  each  and  every  failure, 
and  for  every  success.     It  chooses  the  medical  and 
surgical  staff  for  the  sick  and  wounded  department, 
and  the  ph^^sician-in-chief  and  the  medical  assistants 
for  the  insane  department.     Can  any  one  say  that  it 
has  not  chosen  well?     Is  it  not  one  of  the  boasts  of 
the  Hospital,  that  it  has  alwa^'^s  furnished  to  the  poor, 
the  best   medical  and  surgical  talent  to  be  found  in 
Philadelphia?     It  has  secured  for  the  poor  many  of 
the  most  distinguished  medical  names  of  the  country. 
Bond,  Cadwalader,  Rush,  Physick,  IS^orris,  Pancoast. 
But  why  should  I  prolong  the  list  ?     All  Philadelphia 
knows  perfectly  Avell  that  her  ablest  physicians  and 
surgeons  have  been  glad  to  serve  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospital. 

The  Board  governs  the  expenditures.  It  must 
regulate  the  expenses  l:)y  the  income,  and,  when  the 
means  do  not  suffice  for  the  needs  of  the  institution, 
it  has  but  one  resource,  the  public,  not  State  or  city, 
but  the  general  public.  And  we  have  seen  already 
how  well  this  pul^lic  has  been  satisfied  with  the  action 
of  the  Board,  for  has  it  not,  in  answer  to  such  appeals, 
given  large  sums  of  money? 


(39 

The  Managers  superintend  the  operations  of  the 
two  departments  of  the  Hospital  by  means  of  visiting 
Committees  or  visitors.  The  '  Board  appoints  two 
members  of  their  body  on  each  of  these  Committees, 
and  the  Committees  pay  regular  weekly  visits  to 
each  branch  of  the  institution.  The  members  of  the 
Committees  inspect  the  wards,  see  the  officers, 
hear  reports,  and  examine  accounts.  These  duties 
are  now^,  and  always  have  been  performed,  with 
great  regularity.  This  system  of  visitation  and 
inspection  is  of  essential  consequence  to  both 
branches ;  to  the  insane  department,  it  is  vital.  The 
public,  from  time  to  time,  becomes  excited  upon  all 
matters  connected  with  hospitals  for  the  insane. 
Stories  are  told  in  sensational  novels,  and  sometimes 
in  the  newspapers,  or  whispered  among  the  credulous 
and  ignorant,  of  the  unjust  imjorisonment  of  oppressed 
citizens  in  such  institutions ;  and  occasionally  pa- 
tients are  brought  before  the  conrts,  by  writs  of 
habeas  corpus,  obtained  by  friends,  who  refuse  to 
believe  in  the  fact  of  insanity. 

The  only  ground  for  these  reports  is  the  ftict  that, 
occasionally,  in  the  past,  an  improper  use  has  been 
made  of  insane  hospitals.  But  no  such  iniquity  can 
be  traced  to  this  Hospital,  nor,  do  I  believe,  to  any 
other  in  this  country.  I  will  quote  from  the  Report 
for  the  Insane  Department  for  the  year  1872,  the 
opinion  of  an  able  and  distinguished  writer  on  Medi- 
cal Jurisprudence.  He  says:  "We  have  yet  to  learn 
of  the  first  well-authenticated  case  in  this  country ; 
and  Ave  have  heard  the  same  thing  asserted  by  others 


70 

\\li(».se  [)rores;sii)n;il  diitios  have  enabled  them  to  be 
well  informed  on  this  subjeet.  Althongh  this  does 
not  }>r<)ve  the  impossibility  of  snch  an  abnse,  it  cer- 
tainly does  ])i-ove  that  it  mnst  be  an  exceedingly  rare 
oeenrrence/' 

The  weekly  visits  by  the  Managers  to  the  insane 
department  is  a  duty  which  the  superintendent  de- 
clares has  never  been  neglected.  The  State  Hospitals 
for  the  insane  arc  visited  and  Avatched  over  by  officials 
appointed  by  the  State.  In  this  Hospital  this  same 
dnty  is  performed  by  these  A^isiting  Committees  of 
the  Board  of  Managers. 

I  have  said  that  the  Board  has  but  one  check  upon 
it,  the  fact  that  it  is  elected  annually  by  the  contribu- 
tors, but  I  must  add  that  the  Board  acts  under  the 
original  charter  granted  by  the  Provincial  Assembly. 
In  this  charter,  are  several  provisions  so  excellent 
that  I  will  cite  them  for  the  benefit  of  the  reader. 
One  is  that  the  treasurer  is  elected  by  the  contribu- 
tors at  the  same  period,  once  a  year,  when  they  elect 
the  Managers.  This  gives  to  the  treasurer  a  higher 
position  on  the  Hospital  staff,  than  au}^  other  officer 
save  the  Managers  themselves,  and  invests  him  Avith 
a  certain  independent  responsibility  and  dignity, 
which  he  could  not  have,  were  he  merely  a  creation 
of  the  Managers.  Another  provision  of  the  charter, 
which  seems  to  me  admirable,  is  that  in  which  it  is 
declared  "That  no  general  meeting  of  the  said  con- 
tributors, nor  any  persons  acting  under  them,  shall 
employ  any  money  or  estate,  expressly  given  or 
added  to  the  capital  stock  of  the  said  Hospital,  in  au}^ 


71 

other  way  than  by  applying  its  annual  interest  or 
rent  towards  the  entertainment  and  care  of  the  sick 
and  distempered  poor,  that  shall  be  from  time  to  time 
brought  and  placed  therein  for  the  cure  of  their  dis- 
eases, from  any  part  of  the  Province,  without  par- 
tiality or  preference."  This  seems  to  me  eminently 
wise,  since  it  takes  fi'om  contributors.  Managers,  and 
treasurer,  the  temptation  to  use  for  any  purpose,  it 
matters  not  how  wise  and  provident  such  purpose 
might  appear  at  the  time,  the  capital  fund  of  the 
institution. 

One  feature  in  the  history  of  the  Hospital,  con- 
nected with  this  subject,  I  think  is  deserving  of 
notice,  and  this  is  that  the  present  excellent  treasurer, 
Mr.  John  T.  Lewis,  who  has  served  the  institution 
now  for  34z  years,  was  preceded  by  his  father,  uncle, 
and  grandfather,  three  generations  of  the  same  family, 
whose  united  term  of  service  counts  to  but  four  years 
less  than  a  century.  We  Americans  are  prone  to 
regard  with  envy  the  stable  habits  of  our  mother 
country,  and  to  fancy  that  America  rarely  exhibits 
families,  as  is  so  often  seen  in  England,  in  which  suc- 
cessive generations  show  the  solid  advantages  of  in- 
herited integrity  and  fitness  for  public  office.  In  this 
Hospital,  we  have  at  least  one  instance  of  the  descent 
of  virtue  and  charity  from  grandfather  to  grandson. 

After  ascribing  all  honor  to  the  Managers  for  their 
admirable  control  of  the  institution,  it  is  right  and 
proper  that  I  should  refer  to  the  medical  and  surgical 
staff  of  the  city  department.  Between  the  years 
1853  and  1876,  there  have  been  admitted  into  the  city 


7'> 


clo[);irtnu'nt    U,.'>T*>  patients,  the  whole   medical  and 
suriiieal   care  and   resjJonsibiUty  of  which  cases  rest 
with  the  stall'.     ^SFany  of  these  cases  belong*  to  the 
recent  accident    class,  those  dreadful  injuries  of  all 
and  every  possible  kind,  from  s[)rains  or  simple  frac- 
tures, up  to  the  most  disastrous  railroad  accidents, 
explosions  in  fire-arms  or  cartridge  factories,  burns 
and  scalds,  indeed,  the  whole  misei-able  black  cata- 
logue of  injuries  to  which  the  human  frame  is  ex- 
posed.    Other  cases  are  those  of  the  deadly  fevers, 
typhoid,  remitting,  and  intermittent,  dysenteries,  the 
various    local  inflammations,  the  consumptions,    ca- 
tarrhs, cancers,  and  all  the  sad  list  of  medical  woes 
Avhich  make  hospitals  so  necessary.     I  cite  these  par- 
ticular names  of  things  so  unpalatable,  in  order  that 
the  lay  reader  may,  perhaps,  catch  some  faint  idea  of 
what  the  Avork  of  the  medical  and  surgical  staff  is  in 
this  Hospital.     The  whole  of  this  dreary  toil  amidst 
the  sick  and  wounded,  the  great  central  object  of  the 
Hospital,  is  done  by  the  staff,  as  is  the  w^ork  of  the 
Manaoers,  without  monev  emolument.     It  has  been 
performed  now  by  the  medical  men  of  Philadelphia 
for  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  years,  as  one  of  the 
many  charitable  works  of  the  profession.     Until  the 
year  1871,  a  small  fee,  ten  dollars,  w^as  charged  for 
admission  to   the    clinical   lectures,  the  proceeds  of 
which  w^ere   applied,  at  the  request  of  the  staff,  to 
build  up  the  very  handsome  medical  library  of  the 
Hospital,  to  which  I  have  already  referred.     But,  in 
the  year  just  mentioned,  the  staff  proposed   to  the 
Board  that  they  should  abandon  even  this  small  fee, 


and  make  the  lectures  entirely  free  of  expense  to  all 
students  of  respectable  colleges.  This  was  done. 
So  let  it  be  put  on  record  in  the  history  of  the  Hos- 
pital, that  the  daily  visitino^  and  care  of  the  sick  and 
wounded  in  the  city  Hospital,  is  most  faithfully  per- 
formed, in  all  its  length  and  breadth,  gratuitously,  by 
the  medical  and  surgical  staff. 

I  take  great  pride  as  a  citizen  of  Philadelphia  and 
of  this  State  in  the  history  of  this  oldest  Hospital  in 
the  State,  since  it  shows  forth  the  admirable  manner 
in  which  its  interests  have  been  served,  and  its  funds 
husbanded  and  increased  by  the  gentlemen  Avho  have 
served  it.  Let  us  not  fail  to  do  justice  to  the  men 
who  have  managed  this  Hospital  so  Avell.  Hear  what 
a  Chief  Justice  said  in  1834,  about  a  case  which  came 
before  the  court,  of  a  devise  establishing  an  Orphan 
House,  for  the  maintenance  and  education  of  poor 
orphan  children.  The  trust  had  been  abused  and  the 
Chief  Justice  said  it  was  "an  additional  instance  of 
the  futility  of  private  charities,"  and  that  "  even  when 
established  by  law,  and  provided  with  the  conserva- 
tive apparatus  of  visitation,  inspection,  and  whatever 
ingenuity  could  contrive,  these  misdirected  efforts  of 
benevolence  had  conduced  but  to  the  emoluments  of 
the  aofents  intrusted  with  their  care.  So  it  would 
ever  be,  when  the  vision  of  the  visitor  was  not 
sharpened  by  individual  interest."  The  case  is  given 
by  Mr.  Binney  in  his  argument  in  the  Girard  case. 
In  a  foot-note  to  the  case  Mr.  Bimicy  says:  "This  is 
a  melancholy  picture  of  charitable  gifts  and  institu- 
tions ;  but,  while  its  resem])lancc  to  individual  cases 


74 

mnv  1)0  admitted — lor  what  iiist  it  iitioiis  are  not  soine- 
tinu's  ahiisc'il? — uc  sliouUl,  lor  tlic  lioiioi-  of  liumaiiity, 
1)0  slow  to  admit  its  aecui-acv  in  point  of  general 
jeseniblance.  AVo  must  all  know  many  charities 
which  have  been  I'aithriilly,  disinterestedly,  and  most 
benelicially  administered.  The  city  of  Philadel[)hia 
has  main-  of  them,  and,  it  is  to  be  hoped,  ever  will 
have  them,  and  as  in  times  past  they  have  been,  so 
we  may  predict  that  in  all  future  time  they  will  con- 
tinue to  be,  as  much  a  source  of  praise  to  the  giver, 
of  honor  to  the  visitors  and  trustees,  as  they  have 
been  and  wall  be  of  comfort,  relief,  and  improvement 
to  their  manifold  objects."  I  cannot  doubt  that,  in 
writing  these  words,  Mr.  Binney  may  have  thought  of 
this  very  Hospital,  for  often  have  I  heard  him  speak 
with  great  satisfaction  and  commendation  of  its  man- 
agement. 

I  have  now  brought  the  history  of  this  institution, 
during  the  past  twenty-five  years,  to  a  conclusion, 
and  I  might  end  my  labor  here,  but,  in  stndying  the 
past  of  anything  that  has  a  continuous  existence,  the 
mind  travels  inevitably  into  the  future,  and  I  feel  that 
my  work  w'ould  be  unfinished,  were  I  to  say  nothing 
as  to  the  probable  future  of  the  Hosj^ital. 

Two  points  in  particular  press  upon  my  thoughts 
in  considering  the  future  of  the  Hospital — one  is  the 
direction  in  which  its  progressive  development  ought 
to  take  place — and  the  other  is  the  fact  which  should 
be  known  to  all  men,  wdio  feel  an  interest  in  its  suc- 
cess, that  it  needs  a  large  addition  to  its  funds,  if  it 
is  to  go  on  increasing  in  usefulness  as  it  has  done  in 
the  past. 


75 

The  Hospital  was  chartered  for  the  "  reception  and 
rehef  of  Innatics,  and  other  distempered  and  sick 
poor  within  this  Province,"  as  the  charter  recites  in 
one  paragraph,  or  for  "  the  entertainment  and  cnre  of 
tlie  sick  and  distempered  poor,"  as  the  words  rnn  in 
another  paragraph.  It  is  fair  to  presume  that  its 
duty  is  to  disti'ibute  its  care  in  due  proportion  to 
these  different  classes  of  the  sick.  The  dew  of  its 
charity  should  fall  upon  all  classes  of  the  sick  and 
wounded  poor,  in  as  fair  a  proportion  as  it  is  possible 
for  the  Hospital  to  arrange  and  provide  for.  It  is  for 
the  Managers  to  decide  how  to  expend  the  funds 
given  or  bequeathed  to  the  Hospital  so  as  best  to 
realize  this  end. 

I  can  think  of  no  better  guide  for  the  Hospital  au- 
thorities in  this  matter,  than  the  determination  by  re- 
liable vital  statistics,  of  the  proportion  of  deaths  in 
a  large  community,  caused  by  the  three  great  divi- 
sions of  disease,  received  into  this  Hospital — medical, 
surgical,  and  insane.  This  will  give  a  standard 
to  decide  the  direction  in  which  a  hospital,  created 
and  maintained  by  the  gifts  and  legacies  of  the  chari- 
table, ought  to  seek  to  develop  itself. 

To  obtain  this  standard,  I  shall  take  first  the  Report 
of  the  Registrar  General  of  England,  the  best,  ])i'ob- 
ably,  the  world  aftbrds,  and  ascertain  the  proportion 
of  deaths  from  medical  and  surgical  causes  in  all 
England,  and  then  in  the  city  of  London.  In  this 
way,  we  shall  find  the  relative  proportion  of  deaths 
from  these  two  chief  groups  of  causes,  first,  in  the 
rural  and  town  populations  together,  and  then  in  the 


7<i 

largest  city  in  tlie  world.  1  shall  then  do  the  same 
thing-  tor  onr  own  city  of  Philadelphia.  I  have  taken 
the  yenr  1857  for  England,  as  this  is  the  last  report 
I  ha\e  hecn  a1»le  to  lind,  and  the  year  1874  lor  this 
city. 

In  18r)7,  the  whole  nnniber  of  deaths  in  all  England 
was  -119,815.  Of  this  total,  the  deaths  fi-om  surgical 
diseases  were  32,157.  I  include  amongst  these  the 
deaths  from  syphilis,  hemorrhage,  abscess,  ulcer, 
fistula,  moitification,  cancer,  scrofula,  aneurism,  her- 
nia, ileus,  intussusception,  stricture  of  the  intestinal 
canal,  stone,  cystitis,  stricture  of  the  urethra,  ova- 
rian dropsy,  carbuncle,  diseases  of  the  joints,  phleg- 
mon, spina  bifida  and  other  malformations,  poison, 
burns  and  scalds,  hanging  and  suffocation,  drowning, 
fractures  and  contusions,  wounds,  and  other  violence. 
Of  these  causes  of  death,  not  a  few  would  come  into 
the  hands  of  the  physician,  whether  in  private  or 
hospital  practice ;  as  some  of  the  syphilitic  cases,  of 
those  from  hemorrhage,  from  cancer,  scrofula,  ileus, 
intussusception,  stricture  of  the  urethra,  cystitis,  and 
poison ;  but  I  have  preferred  to  consider  them  all 
surgical,  in  order  to  make  sure  that  the  result,  Avhich, 
at  first  view,  is  surprising,  should  not  by  any  chance 
be  incorrect. 

I  find  that  of  the  whole  number  of  deaths  in  all 
England,  419,815,  the  number  from  surgical  causes 
was  32,157,  or  7.65  per  cent.  In  London,  the  whole 
number  of  deaths  was  59,103,  of  which  those  from 
surgical  causes  were  4934,  or  8.34  per  cent.,  showing 
that  a  larger  proportion,  as  might  have  been  expected, 


77 

occurs  in  a  large  city,  than  in  the  general  poj)ulation 
of  a  whole  countr3^ 

In  this  city,  in  the  year  1874,  the  whole  number  of 
deaths  was  16,254.  The  number  of  deaths  from  the 
surgical  causes  enumerated  above  was  992,  or  6.1 
per  cent. 

In  1857,  the  deaths  from  insanity  in  all  England, 
as  given  in  the  Registrar  General's  Report,  were  only 
403.  This,  of  course,  does  not  give  the  real  number 
of  deaths  of  insane  persons.  But  I  find,  in  Bucknill 
and  Tuke\s  Psychological  Medicine,  p.  298,  the  fol- 
lowing statement  as  to  the  mortality  of  the  insane : 
"^  From  the  Lunacy  Report  of  the  present  year  (1861), 
we  learn  the  annual  rate  of  mortality  during  five 
years  ending  December  31,  1858.  The  deaths  (cal- 
culated on  the  mean  number  resident,  over  20,225) 
amounted  to  10.97  per  cent."  This  proportion  would 
give  2218  per  annum,  and,  assuming  that  the  same 
number  died  in  1857  as  in  1861,  we  should  have  a 
percentage  of  55  hundredths  of  one  j)er  cent. 

In  this  city,  of  the  whole  number  of  deaths  in  1874, 
given  in  the  Report  of  the  Board  of  Health  to  the 
Mayor,  16,254,  only  three  are  to  be  found  under  the 
head  of  insanity.  The  insane  department  of  this  Hos- 
pital, alone,  reports  for  that  year  46  deaths.  But,  as 
we  have,  probably,  a  much  safer  ratio  in  the  English 
Reports,  I  shall  not  attempt  to  give  that  I'or  our  city. 

The  deaths  in  all  England,  in  1857,  fi'om  obstet- 
rical causes,  including  the  deaths  in  childbirtli,  and 
those  from  puerperal  fever,  were  2787,  or  a  percentage 
of  66  hundredths  of  one  per  cent,  of  the  whole  number 
of  deaths. 


78 


Tlieso  fads  show  that  something  nioi'C  than  91  per 
t'ont.  of  all  the  deaths  in  England  in  1857  were  caused 
h\  the  varieties  of  disease  iisnally  denominated  med- 
ienl.  and  tliat  a  hospital  which  is  to  take  equal  care 
1)1'  all  classes  of  the  sick  and  wounded,  must  expend 
over  90  per  cent,  of  its  charitable  endowment  on  the 
medical  wards.  These  proportions  seem,  at  first  view, 
incredible,  and  3'et,  if  the  above  calculations  are  cor- 
rect, the  results  must  be  as  they  are  here  set  down. 
And,  Avhen  we  reflect  how  numerous  are  the  cases  of 
consumption,  of  typhoid  and  typhus  fever,  scarlet 
fever,  pneumonia,  pleurisy,  rheumatism,  catarrh,  dys- 
entery, diarrhoea,  remittent  and  intermittent  fevers, 
Ave  need  not  be  so  much  surprised.  Even  in  the  most 
deadly  wars,  it  is  not  the  loss  of  life  in  battle  or  from 
wounds  that  weakens  armies ;  it  is  the  train  of  diseases 
that  break  out  in  camp,  in  forced  marches  or  retreats, 
or  in  sieges,  Avhich  cause  much  the  greater  part  of  the 
whole  mortality. 

To  render  these  observations  of  use  as  a  guide 
in  the  future  development  of  a  hospital  like  this  one, 
it  would  be  necessary  to  eliminate  from  the  whole 
number  of  deaths  from  medical  causes,  all  such  as 
are  not  received  in  this  hospital — still-births,  many 
of  the  diseases  of  children,  and  contagious  diseases 
in  general — but,  as  my  object  is  rather  to  suggest 
what  may  be  necessar}^  in  the  future,  than  what  is 
exactly  appropriate  at  the  present  time,  I  shall  pur- 
sue the  matter  no  further.  More  precise  and  particu- 
lar calculations  can  be  made  whenever  it  may  become 
proper  to  do  so. 


79 

It  is  well  known  to  all  who  are  f\imiliai'  with  the 
history  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  that  it  has  long 
been  pre-eminently  a  snrgical  hospital.     Thus,  in  the 
five  years  1852-56  inclusive,  the  whole  number  of 
admissions  was  955(3,  of  which  5717  were  surgical 
and  3889  medical,  or  59.82  per  cent.  surgicaL    In  the 
five  years  1872-76  the  whole  number  of  cases  was 
10,057,  of  which  6416  were  surgical  and  3611  medi- 
cal, or  63.79  per  cent,  surgical.     So  that  the  hospital 
has  been  in  the  habit  of  devoting  considerably  more 
than  half  of  its  funds  to  the  care  of  surgical  cases 
occnrring  in  the  city  or  in  its  environs,  though,  out 
of  the  whole  number  of  deaths  in  a  community,  as  I 
have  explained,  not  more  than  7|  to  8|  per  cent,  are 
due  to  surgical  diseases.     This  great  disparity  in  the 
proportion  of  the  surgical  to  medical  cases,  has  been 
the  result  of  a  custom  of  this  hospital,  already  re- 
ferred to  several  times,  of  receiving  all  recent  acci- 
dents, brought  to  its  doors  within  twenty-four  hours 
of  their  occurrence,  without  question.      This  custom 
was  doubtless   the   fruit  of  a    chai'itable  necessity. 
For  many  years  there  was  no  proper  hospital  accom- 
modation in  the  city,  for  surgical  cases,  except  in  this 
institution,  and  it  l)ecame  one  of  the  fixed  habits  of 
the  poor  to  carry  their  diseased  friends  and  relatives 
to  this  one  sure  refuge.     ISTot  only  so,  but  the  easy 
classes  of  society,  and  the  great  manufacturing  estab- 
lishments, knowing  this  i-ule  of  the  hospital,  to  take 
all  recent  accidents  without  question,  naturally  aided 
in  establishing  this  almost  universal  custom.    So  pre- 
dominant was  the  importance  of  the  surgical  wards 


80 

tlial  ill  1S()().  \\  luMi.  as  I  have  related  l)e fore,  there  was 
some  (l()iil)t  as  to  wliether  some  of  the  wards  would 
iiol  haw  to  be  elosed,  the  only  ones  hinted  at  or 
mentioned,  weiv  the  medieal.  This  miserable  neces- 
sity was,  however,  avoided,  ha})pily  for  the  reputation 
of  the  hospital. 

Within  a  few  years  the  Blockley  Hospital  has  been 
taking  a  much  larger  number  of  recent  accidents 
than  in  previous  times.  The  city  now  supplies  that 
liospital  with  an  ambulance,  which  being  sent  for 
from  the  police  stations  when  accidents  occilr,  carries 
l)atients  to  its  wards  from  all  parts  of  the  city.^  Other 
hospitals  have  been  erected — the  Episcopal,  the  Pres- 
byterian, the  University,  and,  at  this  very  time,  the 
Jefferson  Medical  College  is  building  one  to  be  con- 
nected Avith  its  school.  These  increased  accommo- 
dations for  the  sick  and  wounded  cannot  fail  to  lessen 
the  demands  to  be  made  upon  the  Pennsylvania  Hos- 
pital, and  it  is  reasonable  to  suppose  that  the  pressure 
upon  this  latter  for  surgical  patients  will  diminish. 
As  the  whole  number  of  surgical  cases  in  the  com- 
munit}^  is  so  much  less  than  the  medical,  and  as  all 
the  ncAV  foundations  will  soon  be  read}'  to  take  their 
proportion  of  accidents,  we  may  safely  assume  that 
the  time  has  noAv  come,  or  is  at  hand,  when  this  cha- 
rity may  prepare  to  expand  the  accommodations  for 
medical  cases,  in  a  larger  proportion  than  it  has  yet 
l)een  able  to  do. 

As  to  the  Insane  Department  of  this  Hospital,  it 

'  The  Managers  of  tlie  Pennsylvania  Hospital  have  recently  decided  to 
have  an  ambulance  attached  to  this  Hospital. 


81 

is  already  so  large  in  proportion  to  that  for  the  sick 
and  wounded,  that  it  will  scarcely  need  any  further 
expansion  for  many  years  to  come.  And,  if  we  bear 
in  mind  the  fact  that,  in  all  England,  the  proportion 
of  deaths  from  insanity  to  the  whole  number,  was  but 
fifty-five  hundredths  of  one  per  cent.,  it  does  certainly 
seem,  that  this  foundation  is  doing  as  much  for  the 
insane  at  the  present  time,  as  its  endowment  makes 
proper  and  necessary. 

One  thing  more  I  may  say  in  regard  to  the  surgi- 
cal department  of  the  hospital.  It  has  already  been 
stated  that  the  Blockley  Hospital  maintains  an  am- 
bulance of  its  own.  The  University  Hospital  also 
maintains  one.  These  ambulances  are  sent  for  from 
the  police  stations  to  the  scene  of  a  recent  accident 
and,  of  course,  convey  the  sufterers  to  the  hospitals 
to  which  they  are  attached,  often  carrying  the  injured 
persons  considerable  distances,  and  past  the  doors  of 
this  and  other  hospitals.  It  has  been  suggested,  and 
I  think  with  good  reason,  that  the  municipal  authori- 
ties of  the  city  be  invited  to  establish  city  ambulances, 
perhaps  in  connection  with  the  fire  department,  which 
might  be  sent  for  when  accidents  occur,  with  direc- 
tions to  carry  the  patients  to  the  nearest  hospital 
prepared  for  their  reception.  This  system  would  have 
two  great  advantages.  It  would  lessen,  in  many 
cases,  the  distances  over  which  the  suflerers  have 
to  be  transported,  and  it  would  diminish  the  heavy 
taxation  borne  by  the  city,  for  the  support  of  the 
Blockley  Hospital,  by  diverting  from  its  wards  many 
surgical  cases  that  would  then  be  received  into,  and 
6 


82 

Rii]i]x>rtod  by,  the  private  charitable  institutions  ready 
and  uiUin<2^  to  take  care  of  them. 

The  other  point  connected  with  the  future  career 
of  this  Hospital,  to  Avhich  1  desired  to  call  atten- 
tion, was  its  need  for  a  larger  endowment.  It  re- 
quires more  funds  in  order  to  continue  what  it  has 
been  doing  for  several  years  past,  in  a  more  complete 
and  elFective  manner,  or  to  increase,  as  it  ought  to 
be  enabled  to  do,  the  number  of  sick  to  be  received 
within  its  walls. 

The  expenses  have  been  increasing  from  two  prin- 
cipal causes — the  diminution  in  the  number  of  pay- 
patients  in  proportion  to  the  free,  and  the  great  m- 
crease  in  the  cost  of  living.  In  1856,  twenty  years 
since,  the  whole  number  of  patients  admitted  was 
1714,  of  which  number  1151  were  poor  and  560  pay. 
The  expenses  were  $31,657.83,  of  which  amount 
$9,185.17  were  received  from  the  board  of  patients. 
In  1876  the  admissions  were  1638,  of  which  1270 
were  poor  and  368  pay.  The  expenses  were  |62,- 
666.22,  of  which  sum  $9,766.80  were  received  for 
board,  so  that  it  cost  the  Hospital  $28,028.39  more 
to  supj)ort,  in  1876,  a  number  of  patients  less  by  76 
than  in  1856,  yet  the  amount  received  for  board  was 
very  nearly  the  same. 

Though  the  whole  number  of  patients  in  1876  was 
less  than  in  1856,  it  is  probable  that  this  diminution 
was  owing  to  some  temporary  cause,  for  I  find,  on 
comparing  periods  of  five  years,  that  there  has  been 
a  very  decided  increase.  In  the  five  years  1851  to 
1856  the  whole  number  was  8,815,  while  in  the  five 


83 

years,  1872  to  1876,  it  was  9,250,  a  difference  in  the 
five  years  of  405. 

It  is  clear,  therefore,  that  the  funds  of  the  Hos- 
pital, for  the  maintenance  of  the  department  for  the 
sick  and  wounded,  ought  to  be  increased  as  soon  as 
jDOSsible,  and  in  a  very  considerable  degree. 

The  other  branch  of  the  Hospital,  the  Insane  De- 
partment, also  needs  additional  endowment.  This 
department  has  had  most  remarkable  success.  As 
stated  before,  it  has  received,  of  the  income  from  the 
vested  capital  in  the  last  thirty  years,  $159,996.36,  or 
but  $4,571.32  per  annum.  And  yet  its  expenditures 
are  very  heavy.  I  find  that,  for  the  last  five  years, 
its  annual  expenditure  has  varied  from  $172,000  to 
$214,000.  These  large  sums  were  paid  almost  wholly 
by  the  board  received  from  the  j^aying  patients.  In- 
deed, in  the  last  year,  1875,  it  appears  to  have  been 
more  than  self-supporting,  since  the  total  expendi- 
tures were  $201,366.53,  and  the  net  receipts  $205,- 
532.70. 

This  branch  supports,  on  these  means,  a  good  many 
poor  patients  who  pay  nothing,  and  a  number  of 
others  who  are  received  at  a  rate  of  board  so  moder- 
ate, that  it  does  not  pay  the  cost  of  their  support. 
During  the  last  five  years,  the  number  of  free  patients 
has  varied  from  35  in  1873,  to  43  in  1871  and 
1872,  and  51  in  1875.  Since  its  opening  in  1841,  it 
has  received  7167  patients  in  all,  of  which  number 
1532  wei'e  taken  without  charge,  and  about  as  many 
more  paid  less  than  the  cost  of  their  support. 

So  that  this  department  is  now,  and  has  been,  doing 


84 

all  that  it  can  allord  to  do  lor  the  poor.  To  extend 
its  care  to  a  yet  larger  luimhei",  it  must  have  an  in- 
crease of  its  funds.  In  the  last  report,  that  of  1875, 
it  is  stated  that,  "  The  claimants  for  admission  on  the 
part  of  those  unable  to  pay  the  full  cost  of  their  sup- 
port, are  constantly  increasing,  and  are  far  beyond 
the  resources  of  the  Institution.  Many  of  them  are 
of  the  greatest  interest  and  curable.  It  is  to  meet 
these  applications,  and  to  provide  everything  that  will 
promote  additional  comforts,  greater  happiness,  and 
o-ive  better  chances  of  restoration  for  all  its  patients, 
that  the  Institution  needs  large  additions  to  its  re- 
sources, and  especially  a  great  increase  of  the  perma- 
nent fund,  which  has  been  liberally  started  by  a  few 
benevolent  individuals. 

When  free  beds  are  established,  they  are  for  indi- 
gent, recent,  and  supposed  curable  cases  only;  and, 
judging  by  past  experience,  when  thus  used,  every 
such  bed  may  be  expected  to  be  the  means  of  restor- 
ino'  to  reason  and  to  society,  from  one  to  two  patients 
in  every  year  the  Hospital  shall  exist." 

To  all  who  have  read  this  history  of  the  last  twenty- 
live  years  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  it  must  be 
plain  that,  for  the  extensive  good  it  has  done  and  is 
still  doino-,  it  is  not  the  wealthy  institution  which 
many  suppose  it  to  be.  I  think  I  have  shown,  on  the 
contrary,  that  it  has  been  compelled  to  exceed  con- 
stantly its  income,  and  that  it  has  never  been  able  to 
attain  to  that  degree  of  usefulness,  in  its  city  depart- 
ment especially,  which  it  might  reach  had  it  more 
abundant   means.      The   history   has    exhibited   the 


85 

Managers  embarrassed,  hampered,  distressed,  at  times 
despondent,  obliged  to  go  before  the  public,  hat  in 
hand,  so  to  speak,  to  implore  the  gift  of  funds  to 
make  up  its  annual  deficiencies.  What  toil,  what 
stripes,  what  rebufis,  have  they  not  been  forced  to  en- 
dure? The  hospital  may  be  likened  to  that  noblest 
sight  in  the  world,  the  good  man  struggling  with  ad- 
versity. 

I  have  portrayed,  too,  the  spotless  integrity,  the 
steady  and  devoted  loyalty  to  the  right,  the  reputa- 
tion undimmed  even  by  a  suspicion,  with  which  its 
affairs  have  been  administered.  Having  shown  this 
noble  picture  of  what  has  been  accomplished  by  this 
charity,  shall  I  hesitate  to  advise  any  one  who  desires 
to  see  the  gracious  fruit  of  his  liberality  while  he  yet 
lives,  or  who  may  wish  to  leave  a  lasting  good  be- 
hind him,  not  to  forget  that  here  is  an  institution, 
one  of  the  antiquities  of  our  young  country,  the 
history  of  which  shows  forth  only  the  finest  uses  of 
charity  ? 

I  will  venture  to  add  that,  to  me  personally,  it  ap- 
pears most  wise  to  give  money  to  the  general  endow- 
ment fund,  in  order  that  the  Board  of  Managers,  that 
active,  intelligent  body  which  never  dies,  never  wastes, 
never  misappropriates,  may  apply  the  income  of  the 
capital  in  such  manner  for  the  general  good  of  all  the 
l^oor,  as  time  and  progress  shall  declare  to  be  most 
wise  and  necessary. 

If  any  one  should  wish  to  perpetuate  the  name  of 
some  beloved  relative,  or  to  illustrate  his  own  name 
and  family,  let  him  endow  one  or  more  free  beds  to 


8() 

be  called  aller  the  person  i'oi"  whom  they  arc  endowed. 
I  doubt  even  whether  it  is  wise  to  choose  between  the 
two  depai'lnients.  AVho  can  know^,  at  this  moment  of 
time,  what  may  be  the  necessities  of  a  great  hospital 
in  tlie  future?  To  the  Managers,  it  appears  to  me,  it 
would  be  best  to  leave  the  appropriation  of  the  income 
in  such  direction  in  the  distant  future  as  time  and  the 
growth  of  societ}^  shall  show  to  be  necessary. 

And  now  at  length  I  come  to  the  end  of  my  labor. 
The  task  I  have  essayed,  and  am  about  to  conclude, 
has  been  a  labor  of  love.  I  am,  and  have  always 
been,  a  citizen  of  Philadelphia.  I  w^as  brought  up  in 
a  medical  family,  and  imbibed  from  my  father,  w^ho 
served  the  hospital  faithfully  for  ten  years,  a  senti- 
ment towards  this  institution  which  touched  upon 
the  romantic.  And  he  and  I  were  by  no  means  sin- 
gular in  this,  for  it  is  a  fact,  and  I  wish  to  put  this 
on  record,  that  there  always  has  been  amongst  our 
citizens  a  peculiar  sentiment  of  tenderness,  mingled 
with  the  pride  felt  for  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital. 
This  sentiment  w^as  composed  largely  of  love,  un- 
touched by  any  fear  of  abuse.  Such  has  been  the 
management  throughout  its  career  that  no  one  sus- 
pected, or  dreaded,  anything  like  misapplication  of  its 
funds.  Perfect  love  had,  indeed,  cast  out  fear  in  this 
one,  at  least,  of  our  public  institutions.  The  hospital 
is  now,  and  ever  has  been,  one  of  the  embellishments 
of  Philadelphia.  In  this  city,  for  now  so  many  years, 
its  large  square  of  ground,  open  to  the  air  and  light, 
except  for  its  neat  and  simple,  but  striking  mass  of 
buildings,  and  its  noble  girdle  of  trees,  which  has  so 


87 

long  surrounded  the  square,  has  had,  I  cannot  but 
fancy,  something  to  do  with  the  interest  felt  by  the 
citizens  in  the  institution.  The  circlet  of  superb 
foliage  which  marked,  like  a  crown,  the  house  of  the 
poor  sick,  was  visible  from  all  parts  of  the  city,  and 
could  not  be  seen  by  those  who  knew  what  it  marked, 
and  who  had  any  sense  of  the  beauty  and  fitness  of 
things,  without  raising  in  the  mind  a  sense  of  grati- 
tude, that  there  the  sick  and  wounded  who  were 
homeless,  might  find  a  refuge,  and  one  of  pride  that 
the  city  could  boast  so  great  an  embellishment. 


APPENDIX. 


I. 

MANAGERS  AND  TREASURERS. 

The  folloiowg  is  a  list  of  those  who  have  served  as  31anagers  and  Trea- 
surers from  the  covimencement  of  the  Institution  to  the  present  time  ; 
with  the  date  of  their  respective  elections,  and  the  length  of  time  they 
continued  in  office. 


Managers. 


Joshua  Crosby 
Benjamin  Franklin 
Thomas  Bond 
Samuel  Hazard 
Richard  Peters 
Israel  Pembertou,  Jr. 
Samuel  Rhoads 
Hugh  Roberts 
Joseph  Morris 

John  Smith 

Evan  Morgan 
Charles  Norris 

Isaac  Jones 

John  Re3fnell 
William  Griffltts 
Thomas  Lawrence,  Jr. 
Joseph  Fox 
William  Grant 
Thomas  Crosby 

Daniel  Roberdeau 

Charles  Jones 
Isaac  Greenleaf 
Joseph  Richardson,  Mer't 
Jacob  Duchee 
Plunket  Fleeson 
Anthony  Benezet 
John  Say  re 
Stephen  Shewell 
Thomas  Gordon 


Elected. 

Resigned. 

1751 

1755 

1751 

1757 

1751 

1752 

1751 

1754 

1751 

1752 

1751 

1779 

1751 

1781 

1751 

1756 

1751 

1757 

(1751 
11761 

1756| 

1762  i 

j  1751 
(1753 

1752) 
1763) 

1751 

1752 

(1752 

1756) 

■^17^0 

1762  V- 

(1764 

1773  ) 

1752 

1780 

1752 

1753 

1752 

1753 

1753 

1756 

1754 

1756 

1755 

1757 

J 1756 
(1766 

1758) 
1776) 

1756 

1761 

1756 

1771 

1756 

1770 

1756 

1758 

1757 

1759 

1757 

1758 

1757 

1758 

1758 

1760 

1758 

1766 

Served  the  Institution. 


4  years  (died). 
6  years. 

1  year. 
3  3'ears. 

I  year. 
28  3'ears. 
30  years. 

5  3' ears. 

6  3'ears. 

6  3-ears. 

II  3^ears. 

1  year. 

15  years  and  5  months 
(died). 

28  years. 

1  3'ear  and  5  months. 

1  year. 

2  3'ears  and  7  months. 
2  3'ears. 

1  year  and  11  months. 

12  years. 

5  years. 

15  3'ears.  [(died). 

17  3'ears  and  6  months 

1  3'ear  and  9  months. 

2  years. 
1  year. 

9  months, 
years. 


8  years. 


(89) 


00 


Managers 


SaiiuK'l  MitUiu 
James  remberton 
Jacob  TiCwis 
John  Moase 
Ilonry  Harrison 
Thomas  Wliarton 

John  Gibson 

Joseph  Redmon 
John  Xixon 
Joseph  ^lorris 
*  Isaac  Cox 
William  Loijan 
Thomas  Mifflin 
Thomas  Wharton 
Edward  Penington 
Robert  Strettell  Jones 
George  Roberts 
Thomas  Fisher 
Joseph  Swift 
William  West 
Jacob  Shoemaker 
William  Morrell 
Samuel  Powell 
Joshua  Howell 
Samuel  Pleasants 
Peter  Reeve 
George  Mifflin 
Thomas  Franklin 
Tench  Coxe 
Reynold  Keene 
Jonathan  Shoemaker 
Owen  Jones,  Jr. 
Isaac  Wharton 
Josiah  Hewes 
John  Morton 
Adam  Hubley 

Nathaniel  Falconer 

Andrew  Doz 
Thomas  Moore 
Samuel  Howell 
William  Hall 
Samuel  Coates 
John  Pascliall 
Thomas  Penrose 


Elected. 


Resigned 


1758 

1760 

1758 

1780 

1759 

1774 

17(!0 

1768 

1702 

1766 

17(52 

1769 

f  1763 

1764) 

11767 

1770; 

1766 

1767 

1768 

1772 

1769 

1781 

1770 

1776 

1770 

1775 

1771 

1773 

1772 

1779 

1773 

1779 

1773 

1781 

1774 

1776 

1775 

1776 

1776 

1786 

1776 

1778 

1776 

1781 

1776 

1782 

1778 

1780 

1779 

1782 

1779 

1781 

1779 

1786 

1780 

1785 

1780 

1783 

1780 

1781 

1781 

1790 

1781 

1790 

1781 

1795 

1781 

1784 

1781 

1812 

1781 

1785 

1782 

1784 

(1782 
(1784 

1783) 

1790; 

1783 

1788 

1783 

1788 

1784 

1789 

1785 

1787 

1785 

1825 

1786 

1795 

1786 

1798 

Served  the  Institution. 


2  years. 
22  years. 

15  years.  [(died). 

7  years  and  10  months 

3  3''rs  and  9  mo's  (died). 
7  years. 

3  years  and  7  months. 

1  3'ear  and  1  month. 

4  3'ears. 

12  years. 

5y'rsand  8  mo's  (died). 

4  3'ears  and  6  months. 

1  3'ear  and  11  months. 

7  years. 
6  years. 

8  years. 

2  years  and  3  months. 

1  j'^ear  and  3  months. 

9  years  and  9  months. 

2  3^ears. 

5  3'ears. 

6  3'ears  and  8  months. 

2  }^ears. 

3  years. 

2  3'ears. 

7  years. 

5  y'rs  and  2  mo's  (died). 

3  3' ears. 

1  3'ear. 

9  3'ears  and  7  months. 
9  years  and  1  month. 

13  3^ears  and  9  months. 
3  3^ears. 

30  3"ears  and  5  months. 

3  years  and  8  months. 

2  3'ears  and  4  months. 

6  years  and  6  months. 

5  years. 
5  3^ears. 

4  3'ears  and  5  months. 
1  year  and  11  months. 
40  years  and  4  months. 

8  years  and  10  months 
12  years.  [(died). 


*  It  appears  from  the  minutes  of  the  Board,  that  Isaac  Cox  was  lost  at  sea,  on  his 
return  from  the  Island  of  New  Providence,  in  the  winter  of  1775-6. 


91 


Managers. 

Elected. 

Resigned. 

Served  the  Institution. 

Richard  Rundle 

1787 

1789 

2  years. 

Samuel  Clark 

1788 

1802 

13  years  and  6  months 

Pattison  Hartshorne 

1788 

1823 

35  years.             [(died). 

Elliston  Perot 

1789 

1806 

17  years  and  2  months. 

Bartholomew  Wistar 

1789 

1796 

7  years. 

Cornelius  Barnes 

1790 

1793 

3  y 'rs  and  5  mo's  (died). 

Lawrence  Seckel 

1790 

1820 

29  years  and  9  months. 

William  McMurtrie 

1791 

1794 

3  years.              [(died). 

Thomas  Morris 

1793 

1809 

15  3'ears  and  1 1  months 

Samuel  M.  Fox 

1794 

1797 

3  years. 

Robert  Wain 

1795 

1800 

5  years  and  2  months. 

James  Smith,  Jr. 

1795 

1805 

10  years. 

Israel  Pleasants 

1796 

1800 

4  years. 

John  Dorse}' 

1797 

1804 

7  years. 

Robert  Smith,  Merchant 

1798 

1805 

7  years. 

Zaccheus  Collins 

1800 

1822 

22  years. 

Paschall  Hollingsworth 

1800 

1812 

12  years. 

Richard  Wistar 

1803 

1806 

3  years  and  4  months. 

Joseph  Lownes 

1804 

1820 

16  years. 

Peter  Brown 

1805 

1811 

6  y'rs  and  7  mo's  (died). 

Edward  Penlngton 

1805 

1820 

15  years. 

Zachariah  Poulson 

1806 

1808 

1  3^ear  and  10  months. 

William  Poyntell 

1806 

1811 

5  y'rs  and  2  mo's  (died). 

Thomas  Stewardson 

1808 

1841 

33  years  and  2  months 

Thomas  P.  Cope 

1809 

1828 

19  years.            [(died). 

Reeve  Lewis 

1811 

1814 

3  years  and  3  months. 

Joseph  S.  Morris 

1811 

1817 

5  y'rs  and  3 mo's  (died). 

Samuel  W.  Fisher 

1812 

1817 

4  y'rs  and  9  mo's  (died). 

Joseph  Watson 

1812 

1824 

12  years  and  5  months. 

Mordecai  Lewi* 

[1814 

|l828 

1818") 
1849J 

24  years  and  9  months. 

Israel  Cope 

1817 

1828 

11  years. 

Thomas  Morris 

1817 

1840 

23  years  and  9  months. 

Henrj'  Hollingsworth 

1818 

1823 

5  years  and  6  months. 

Alexander  Elmslie 

1820 

1827 

7  years. 

Matthew  L.  Bevan 

1820 

1828 

7  years  and  10  months. 

Joseph  Johnson 

1820 

1828 

7  years  and  10  months. 

William  L.  Hodge 

1822 

1824 

2  years. 

Roberts  Vaux 

1823 

1834 

11  years. 

Charles  Roberts 

1823 

1844 

21  years  and  3  months. 

William  W.  Fisher 

1824 

1838 

13y'sand  8  mo's  (died). 

Charles  Watson 

1824 

1846 

21  3'ears  and  2  months. 

John  Paul 

1825 

1844 

18y'sand  8mo's  (died). 

Joseph  R.  Jenks 

1827 

1828 

10  months. 

Joseph  Price 

1828 

1845 

17  .years  and  6  months. 

Alexander  W.  Johnson 

1828 

1848 

20  years  and  8  months. 

John  J.  Smith 

1828 

1836 

8  years  and  7  months. 

92 


Miina<ior.<. 

Elected. 

Resigned. 

Served  the  Institution. 

H:\rtlioloine\v  Wistar 

1828 

1841 

13y'sand  5mo's(died\ 

Lawrence  Lewis 

1834 

1855 

21y'sand7mo's(died). 

( 1836 

1838) 

James  R.  Greaves 

\  1842 

1866J 

25  years. 

George  Roberts  Smith 

1838 

1850     • 

12  years  and  4  months. 

Nathan  Dnnn 

1838 

1842 

4  years. 

William  R.  Fling 

1841 

1856    . 

15  years. 

Frederick  Rrowu 

1841 

1864 

22  y's  and  7  mo's  (d'd). 

Isaac  Elliott 

1841 

1842 

1  year  and  2  months. 

George  Stewardson 

1842 

1855 

13  years  and  4  months. 

Jacob  G.  Morris 

1844 

1854 

10  years  (died). 

Mordecai  L.  Dawson 

1844 

1872 

27y'sandllmo's(d'd). 

Clement  C.  Riddle 

1846 

1855 

9  y's  and  6  mo's  (died). 

John  Farnum 

1846 

1872 

26  y's  and  4  mo's  (d'd). 

Mordecai  D.  Lewis 

1848 

1861 

12  ys  and  1  mo.  (died). 

William  Riddle 

1849 

John  >L  Whitall 

1851 

1867 

16  years  and  3  months. 

Alexander  J.  Derbyshire 

1855 

Samuel  Mason 

1855 

S.  Morris  Wain 

1855 

1870 

15  y's  and  3  mo's  (d'd). 

Samuel  Welsh 

1856 

Joseph  S.  Lewis 

1856 

1857 

1  year  and  8  months. 

Wistar  Morris 

185Y 

Caleb  Cope 

1861 

1868 

7  3'ears  and  5  months. 

Adolph  E.  Rorie 

1864 

1868 

4  years  and  3  months. 

Jacob  P.  Jones 

1866 

Renjamin  H.  Shoemaker 

1867 

Alexander  Riddle 

1868 

Edward  Y.  Townsend 

1868 

1869 

5  months. 

Joseph  R.  Townsend 

1869 

Joseph  C.  Turnpenny 

1870 

John  J.  Thompson 

1872 

1875 

2y'sandllmo's(died). 

T.  Wistar  Rrowu 

1872 

Henry  Haines 

1875 

Of  the  above,  the  following  were  the  successive  Presidents  of 


the  Roard: — 


Years. 

1. 

Joshua  Crosbj^ 

4 

9 

2. 

Renjamin  Franklin 

2 

10 

3. 

John  Re3'nell 

.     23 

11 

4. 

Samuel  Rhoads 

1 

12 

5. 

Peter  Reeve  . 

5 

13 

6. 

Samuel  Howell 

3 

14 

7. 

Reynold  Keen 

.       1 

15 

8. 

Josiah  Hewes 

22 

Samuel  Coates    . 
Thomas  Stewardson 
John  Paul  . 
Mordecai  Lewis  . 
Lawrence  Lewis 
Mordecai  L.  Dawson 
William  Riddle  . 


Years. 

13 

16 

3 

5 

6^ 
161 


93 


Treasurers. 

Elected. 

Resigned. 

Served  the  Institution. 

John  Reynell 

nsi 

1752 

1  year. 

Charles  Norris 

1752 

1756 

4  years. 

Hugh  Roberts 

1756 

1768 

1 2  years. 

Samuel  P.  Moore 

1768 

1769 

1  year. 

Thomas  Wharton 

1769 

1772 

3  years. 

Joseph  King 

1772 

1773 

13  months  (died). 

Joseph  Hilborn 

1773 

1780 

7  years. 

Mordecai  Lewis 

1780 

1799 

18y 's  and  8  mo's  (died). 

Joseph  S.  Lewis 

1799 

1826 

27  years. 

Samuel  N.  Lewis 

1826 

1841 

14  y 'sand  2  mo's  (died). 

John  T.  Lewis 

1841 

94 


II. 


MEDICAL  OFFICERS. 


The  follotoing  are  the  names  of  the  gentlemen  who  have  served  the  Insti- 
tution as  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  in  the  order  of  their  appointment ; 
together  with  the  date  of  their  resignation  or  death,  and  their  respective 
periods  of  service. 


Pliysieian?  and  Surgeons, 

Elected. 

Resigned. 

Lloyd  Zachary 

1751 

1753 

Thomas  Bond 

1751 

1784 

Phineas  Bond 

1751 

1773 

Thomas  Cadwalader 

1751 

1777 

Samuel  Preston  Moore 

1751 

1759 

John  Redman 

1751 

1780 

William  Shippen 

1753 

1778 

Cadwalader  Evans 

1759 

1773 

John  Morgan 

(1173 

^778 

1777| 
1783) 

Charles  Moore 

"1773 

1774 

Adam  Kuhn 

(1774 

(1782 

1781] 

1798) 

Thomas  Parke 

1777 

1823 

James  Hutchinson 

(1777 
(1779 

1778) 
1793; 

William  Shippen,  Jr. 

fl778 
(1791 

1779) 
1802] 

John  Jones 

1780 

1791 

Benjamin  Rush 

1783 

1813 

John  Fonlke 

1784 

1794 

Caspar  Wistar 

1793. 

1810 

Philip  S\'ng  Ph3-sick 

1794 

1816 

Benjamin  Smitii  Barton 

1798 

1815 

John  Redman  Coxe 

1802 

1807 

Thomas  C.  James 

1807 

1832 

John  Syng  Dorsey 

1810 

1818 

Joseph  Hartshorne 

1810 

1821 

John  C.  Otto 

1813 

1835 

Samuel  Colhoun 

1816 

1821 

Joseph  Parrish 

1816 

1829 

Served  the  Institution. 


I  year  and  5  months. 
32  years  and  6  months 

21  y's  and  S  mo's  (died). 
25  years  and  6  months. 

7  years  and  6  months. 

28  3^ears  and  6  months. 
25  years  and  2  months. 

14  y's  and  1  mo.  (died). 

8  years  and  1 1  months. 

10  months. 

22  years  and  6  months. 
45  years  and  9  months. 

15  years  (died). 

II  jf'rs  and  11  months. 

11  y's  and  1  mo.  (died). 

29  3^ears  and  10  months 

10  years.  [(died). 

16  years  and  5  months. 
22  years  and  1  month. 

17  years  and  10  months. 

4  years  and  9  months. 
25  y'rs  and  10  months. 
8  y'rs  and  6  mo's  (died). 

11  years  and  2  months. 
22  years  and  4  months. 

5  years. 

12  years  and  8  months. 


95 


Physicians  and  Surgeons. 


Elected.     Resigned 


Served  the  Institution. 


Thomas  T.  Hewson 
John  Moore 
William  Price 
John  Wilson  Moore 
Samuel  Emlen 
John  Rhea  Barton 
John  K.  Mitchell 
Benjamin  H.  Coates 
Thomas  Harris 
Charles  Lukens 
Hugh  L.  Hodge 
William  Rush 
George  B.  Wood 
Jacob  Randolph 
George  W.  Norris 
Thomas  Stewardson 
Charles  D.  Meigs 
Edward  Peace 
William  Pepper 
William  W.  Gerhard 
George  Fox 
Joseph  Carson 
John  Neill 
Joseph  Pancoast 
James  J.  Levick 
John  Forsythe  Meigs 
Edward  Hartshorne 
Francis  Gurney  Smith 
Addinell  Hewson 
William  Hunt 
Thomas  Geo.  Morton 
Jacob  M.  DaCosta 
D.  Hayes  Agnew 
James  H.  Hutchinson 
J.  Aitken  Meigs 
Richard  J.  Levis 


1818 
1820 
1821 
1821 
1823 
1823 
1827 
1828 
1829 
1829 
1832 
1834 
1835 
1835 
1836 
1838 
1838 
1840 
1842 
1845 
1848 
1849 
1852 
1854 
1856 
1859 
1859 
1859 
1861 
1863 
1863 
1865 
1865 
1868 
1868 
1871 


1835 
1829 
1828 

1827 
1828 
1836 
1834 
1841 
1840 
1839 
1854 
1837 
1859 
1848 
1863 
1845 
1849 
1861 
1858 
1868 
1854 
1854 
1859 
1864 
1868 

1865 
1864 


1871 


16  years  and  5  months. 

9  years. 

I  year  and  10  months. 
5  years  and  3  mouths. 

5  years  (died). 

13  years  and  5  months. 

7  years. 

12  years  and  9  months. 

II  years  and  9  mouths. 

10  years  and  3  months. 
21  years  and  3  months. 

3  years  and  5  months. 
23  years  and  6  months. 
12y'sandl0mo's(d'd). 
27  years. 

1 7  years. 

ilO  y'rs  and  10  months. 
|20  years  and  1  month. 
1 16  years  and  7  months. 
23  years. 

6  years. 

4  years  and  10  months. 

7  years  and  1  month. 

9  years  and  1 1  months. 
12  years  and  5  mouths. 

5  years  and  9  mouths. 
5  years  and  7  months. 


6  3'ears  and  2  months. 


9G 


MEDICAL  APPRENTICES  AND  RESIDENT  PHYSICIANS. 

The  Apprentices  were  Students  of  Medicine  ivhen  indentured  to  the  Hos- 
pital, and  usually  graduated  before  leaving  it. 


To. 


Served. 


Jacob  Kluvnzoller 
"William  Gardner 
Edward  Cutbush 
Samuel  Cooper 
Thomas  Horsefield 
George  Lee 

James  Ilutchinson,  Jr. 
Joseph  Hartshorne 
Samuel  C.  Hopkins 
Thomas  Bryant,  M.D. 
Philip  Thornton 
Samuel  Betton,  M.D. 
John  Wilson  Moore 
Benjamin  S.  Jannej' 
Wm.  P.  C.  Barton,  M.D. 
Samuel  Colhoun,  M.D. 
Theodore  Benson 
John  Rhea  Barton 
William  Price,  M.D. 
Benjamin  H.  Coates 
Jason  O'B.  Lawrence,") 
M.D.  I 

Warwick  P.  Miller 
George  Balfour 
Thomas  H.  Ritchie 
Re^-nell  Coates 
Thomas  Flanner 
Robert  J.  Clark,  M.D. 
Southey  H.  Satchell,  M.D 
Charles  B.  Jaudon,  M.D. 


1773 
1786 
1790 
1792 
1794 
1798 
1799 
1801 
1804 
1806 
1806 
1808 
1808 
1808 
1809 
1809 
1810 
1813 
1813 
1814 

1814 

1815 
1818 
1819 
1819 
1819 
1820 
1823 
1823 


1778 
1791 
1794 
1797 
1799 
1802 
1804 
1806 
1808 
1807 
1808 
1808 
1813 
1813 
1809 
1810 
1813 
1818 
1814 
1819 

1815 

1819 
1819 
1823 
1823 
1820 
1821 
1824 
1824 


0  3'ears. 
5  3^ears. 

4  years. 

5  3'ears. 
5  3'ears. 

4  3-ears  (died). 

5  3'ears. 

5  years. 

4  3'ears. 

1  3'ear. 

1  3'ear  and  9  months. 

6  months, 

5  3'ears. 
5  years. 

4  months. 
1  3'ear. 

3  3'ears  (died). 

5  3'ears. 
1  year. 

5  3'ears. 

6  months. 

4  3'ears  (died). 
9  mouths. 

4  years. 
4  years. 

9  months. 
I9  months. 
1  year. 

10  months. 


The  three  last-named  gentlemen  served  for  unfinished  terms  of  preceding 
apprentices.  From  this  time,  it  was  resolved  to  elect  graduates  of  medicine 
only  as 


97 


RESIDENT  PHYSICIANS. 


Caspar  Wistar 
Caspar  Morris 
John  Kodman  Paul 
Charles  Mifflin 
James  A.  Washington 
George  Fox 
Ralph  Hammersly 
Thomas  Stewardson,  Jr. 
George  W.  Norris 
Mifflin  Wistar 
Thomas  S.  Kirkbride 
William  W.  Gerhard 
James  A.  McCrea 
Josliua  M.  Wallace 
Henry  H.  Smith 
John  F.  Meigs 
Alfred  Stille 
Anthony  E.  Stoeker 
Edward  Hartshorne 
Moore  Robinson 
Samuel  Hollingsworth 
Ellerslie  Wallace 
Fitzwilliam  Sargent 
John  D.  Logan 
Robert  P.  Harris 
Henr^'  Hartshorne 
Wm.  McKennan  Morgan 
Spencer  Sergeant 
Moreton  Stille 
James  J.  Levick 
Francis  W.  Lewis 
Wm.  H.  Gobrecht 
William  Hunt 
Addinell  Hewson 
Ricliard  A.  F.  Penrose 
Thomas  Hewson  Baclie 
James  E.  Rhoads 
James  Darrach 
William  S.  Forbes 
W.  Rusli  Dunton 
Augustus  Wilson 
John  H.  Packard 
Andrew  Fleming 
Douglass  A.  Hall 
George  H.  Humphreys 
1 


From. 

To. 

Served. 

1824 

1826 

2  3'ears. 

1824 

1827 

2  years. 

1825 

1826 

5  months. 

1826 

1828 

2  years. 

1827 

1829 

2  years. 

1828 

1830 

2  3'ears. 

1829 

1830 

1  y'r  and  3  mo's  (died). 

1830 

1832 

2  3'ears. 

1830 

1833 

3  years. 

1832 

1834 

2  3'ears. 

1833 

1835 

2  years. 

1834 

1836 

2  years. 

1835 

1837 

2  3'ears. 

1836 

1838 

2  3^ears. 

1837 

1839 

2  years. 

1838 

1840 

2  years. 

1839 

1841 

2  years. 

1840 

1842 

2  years. 

1841 

1843 

2  3'ears.           (. 

1842 

1842 

8  months  (died). 

1842 

1843 

5  months. 

1843 

1844 

1  3^ear. 

1843 

1845 

2  years. 

1844 

1846 

2  years. 

1845 

1847 

2  3'ears. 

1846 

1848 

2  years. 

1847 

1848 

1  year  and  4  months. 

1848 

1850 

2  3'ears. 

1848 

1849 

8  months. 

1849 

1851 

2  years  and  3  months. 

1849 

1850 

1  year. 

1850 

1851 

1  year. 

1850 

1852 

2  years. 

1851 

1852 

1  3^ear  and  6  months. 

1851 

1853 

2  years. 

1852 

1853 

1  year  and  6  months. 

1852 

1854 

1  3'ear  and  4  mo)iths. 

1853 

1854 

1  year  and  6  months. 

1853 

1855 

1  year  and  6  months. 

1854 

1855 

1  year  and  8  months. 

1854 

1856 

1  year  and  6  months. 

1855 

1856 

1  year  and  6  months. 

1855 

1857 

1  3'ear  and  5  months. 

1856 

1857 

1  year  and  6  mouths. 

.1856 

1858 

1  year  and  6  months. 

98 


TlioiiKis  (jioo.  Morion 
Will.  Leliinaii  Wells 
Albert  H.  Smith 
James  II.  Hutchinson 
It.  Lenox  Hodge 
George  Harlan 
Thomas  I).  Reed 
Edward  Livezey 
Charles  A.  MeC'all 
Charles  Carroll  Lee 
John  Ashhurst 
William  F,  Norris 
William  Savery 
Joseph  G.  Richardson 
Horatio  C.  Wood,  Jr. 
William  Elmer,  Jr. 
James  Tyson 
Thomas  Wistar 
Edward  Rhoads 
T.  Hollingsw'th  Andrews 
•  AVilliam  Pepper,  Jr. 
Horace  Williams 
Theodore  Herbert 
Horace  Binney  Hare 
James  Markoe 
Herbert  Xorris 
Henry  Chapman 
Elliot  Richardson 
Charles  M.  Ritz 
Charles  T.  Hunter 
Arthur  Yan  Harlingen 
Morris  Longstreth 
James  C.  Wilson 
Robert  H.  Alison 
George  S.  Gerhard 
Daniel  Bray 
William  C.  Cox 
Arthur  Y.  Meigs 
Ewing  Jordan 
Frank  Woodbury 
Edward  W.  Jameson 
J.  Aubrey  Lippincott 
Morris  J.  Lewis 
T.  Hewson  Bradford 
John  B.  Roberts 
Wm.  Barton  Hopkins 
M.  Frank  Kirkbride 


Prom. 

To 

Served. 

1857 

1858 

1  3'ear  and  4  months. 

1857 

1857 

2  months. 

1857 

1859 

1  year  and  4  months. 

1858 

1859 

1  3'ear  and  6  mouths. 

1858 

1860 

1  year  and  9  months. 

1859 

1860 

1  year  and  6  months. 

1859 

1861 

1  year  and  6  months. 

1859 

1861 

1  3'ear  and  6  months. 

1860 

1861 

9  months. 

1861 

1862 

1  3-ear  and  6  months. 

1861 

1862 

9  months. 

1861 

1863 

1  year  and  0  months. 

1862 

1863 

1  3'ear  and  6  months. 

1862 

1863 

9  months. 

1863 

1864 

11  months. 

1864 

1864 

7  months. 

1863 

1864 

8  months. 

1863 

1864 

1  3'ear  and  6  months. 

1864 

1865 

1  3'ear  and  6  months. 

1864 

1866 

1  3'ear  and  6  months. 

1865 

1866 

1  year  and  6  months. 

1865 

1867 

1  year  and  6  months. 

1866 

1867 

1  3'ear  and  1  month. 

1866 

1867 

9  months. 

1867 

1868 

1  3'ear  and  6  months. 

1867 

1868 

1  3'^ear  and  5  months. 

1867 

1869 

2  \'ears. 

1868 

1870 

1  year  and  6  months. 

1868 

1869 

1  year. 

1869 

1870 

1  year. 

1869 

1871 

1  3'ear  and  6  months. 

1870 

1871 

1  3'ear  and  6  months. 

1870 

1871 

1  year. 

1871 

1872 

1  3'ear  and  6  months. 

1871 

1872 

10  months. 

1871 

1872 

6  months. 

1872 

1873 

1  3'ear  and  6  months. 

1872 

1874 

1  year  and  6  months. 

1872 

1873 

7  months. 

1873 

1874 

1  year. 

1873 

1875 

1  3'ear  and  4  months. 

1873 

1875 

1  3'ear  and  6  months. 

1874 

1875 

1  3'ear  and  6  months. 

1875 

1876 

1  year  and  8  months. 

1875 

1875 

1876 

99 


APOTHECARIES. 


From. 

To. 

Served. 

Joirathan  Roberts 

1152 

1155 

2  years  and  4  months. 

John  Morgan 

1155 

1156 

1  3'ear  and  1  month. 

John  Bond 

1156 

1158 

2  years. 

James  A.  Bayard 

1158 

1159 

1  year. 

John  Davis 

1161 

1168 

1  months. 

William  Smith 

1110 

1113 

2  years  and  10  months. 

Thomas  Boulter 

1113 

1113 

2  months. 

James  Hutchinson 

1113 

1115 

2  years  and  1  month. 

James  Dunlap 

1115 

1116 

1  year. 

Peter  Yarnall 

1180 

1181 

1  year  and  5  months. 

Gustavus  F.  Kielman 

1181 

1182 

1  year  and  4  morrths. 

James  Hartley 

1182 

1184 

1  3-ear  and  3  months. 

*Nrcholas  B,  Waters 

1184 

1181 

3  years  and  1  nronth. 

Graham  Hoskins 

1821 

1823 

2  3^ears. 

Robert  Harris 

1823 

1824 

10  months. 

Samuel  C.  Sheppard 

1824 

1825 

1  3^ear  and  2  months. 

Newberry  Smith,  Jr-. 

1825 

1829 

4  years. 

Franklin  R.  Smith 

1829 

1831 

2  years. 

John  Conrad 

1831 

1810 

39  3^ears. 

Jacob  K.  Hecker 

1810 

1814 

4  years  and  2  months. 

Jacob  K.  Hecker 

1816 

Charles  Wirgman 

1814 

1816 

2  years  and  3  months. 

*  From  1787  to  1821,  the  duties  of  the  Apothecary  were  performed  by  the  Medical 
Apprentices. 


100 


111. 


STEWARDS  AND  MATRONS  OF  THE  HOSPITAL. 


Stewards. 

From. 

To. 

Served 

Matthew  Taylor 

1758 

1759 

1  year. 

*(ieoroe  AVeed 

17<)0 

1767 

7  years  and  3  months. 

*  Robert  Sladc 

17G8 

1769 

1  y'r  and  2  mo's  (died). 

John  Saxtou 

1773 

1776 

3  years. 

*John  Story 

1776 

1780 

4  years. 

Joseph  Henszey 

1780 

1796 

16  years. 

n79G 

1803) 

12  years  and  3  months 

Francis  Iliggins 

■^1808 

1813J 

(died). 

William  Johnston 

1803 

1808 

4  years  and  8  months. 

Samuel  Mason 

1813 

1826 

13  years. 

Isaac  Bonsall 

1826 

1830 

4  years  and  6  months. 

Allen  Clapp 

1830 

1849 

18  years  and  9  months. 

William  G.  Malin 

1849 

Matrons. 

From. 

To. 

Served. 

f  Elizabeth  Gardner 

1751 

1760 

9  years. 

Esther  Weed 

1760 

1767 

6  y 'rs  and  8  mo's  (died). 

fMary  Ball 

1767 

1768 

1  3^ear  and  5  months. 

|Sarah  Harlan 

1768 

1772 

4y'rsand5mo's  (died). 

Sophia  Saxton 

1773 

1776 

3  years. 

Marj'  Stor}' 

1776 

1780 

4  3"ears. 

Deborah  Henszey 

1780 

1790 

10  years  and  3  months 

Mary  Falconer 

1790 

1795 

5  years.              [(died). 

Ann  Henszej'^ 

1795 

1796 

9  months. 

Hannah  Higgins 

(1796 

(1808 

1803) 
1813J 

12  years  and  3  months. 

Abigail  Johnston 

1803 

1808 

4  years  and  8  months. 

]\lar3'  Mason 

1813 

1826 

13  years. 

Ann  Bonsall 

1826 

1830 

4y'rsand3mo's  (died). 

Margaret  Clapp 

1830 

1835 

4y'rsand5mo's  (died). 

Margaret  Robinson 

1835 

1835 

4  months. 

Elizabeth  Clapp 

1835 

1842 

6  years  and  10  months. 

Elizabeth  Hooton 

1842 

1848 

6  years. 

Harriet  P.  Smith 

1848 

1853 

5  years  and  4  months. 

Mary  D.  Sharpless 

1853 

1876 

23  years. 

Anna  M.  Morris 

1876 

*  These  also  acted  as  Apothecaries. 
f  These  ladies  acted  also  as  Stewards. 


101 


lY. 


The  following  table  exhihits  the  number  of  pay  and  poor  patients,  and 
the  total  number  admitted  into  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  in  the  City, 
and  the  average  number  maintained  during  each  year  from  its  foun- 
dation to  4th  mo.  {April)  22,  1876. 


Admitted  from  yp„- 
Feb.  lUh,  1752,  Z'^'c, 
to  end  of  April,  1703 

Pay. 
24 

Poor. 

40 

Total. 

64 

Average, 

9 

1754 

14 

39 

53 

12 

1755 

13 

60 

73 

17 

1756 

7 

61 

78 

17 

1757 

13 

68 

81 

17 

1758 

29 

85 

114 

33 

1759 

25 

102 

127 

34 

1760 

32 

105 

137 

40 

1761 

40 

113 

153 

45 

1762 

29 

128 

157 

47 

1703 

46 

194 

240 

73 

1764 

50 

272 

322 

101 

1765 

45 

261 

306 

111 

1766 

56 

283 

339 

119 

1767 

38 

307 

345 

120 

1768 

54 

337 

391 

123 

1769 

32 

353 

3S5 

110 

1770 

49 

336 

385 

113 

1771 

44 

338 

382 

118 

1772 

44 

349 

393 

117 

1773 

46 

315 

361 

105 

1774 

63 

374 

437 

117 

1775 

60 

361 

421 

105 

1776 

42 

393 

435 

89 

1777 

109 

268 

377 

67 

1778 

31 

96 

127 

39 

1779 

16 

107 

123 

36 

1780 

10 

118 

128 

35 

1781 

18 

103 

121 

35 

1782 

69 

42 

111 

36 

1783 

83 

23 

106 

37 

1784 

156 

47 

203 

61 

1785 

133 

35 

168 

51 

1786 

113 

25 

138 

51 

1787 

108 

30 

138 

54 

102 


Year. 

Pay. 

Poor. 

Total. 

Avernge. 

17S8 

78 

32 

110 

54 

1789 

49 

28 

77 

47 

UOO 

51 

27 

78 

46 

1791 

73 

32 

105 

52 

1792 

107 

72 

179 

64 

1793 

87 

63 

150 

63 

1794 

170 

78 

248 

71 

1795 

107 

67 

174 

72 

1796 

113 

103 

216 

69 

1797 

114 

89 

203 

75 

1798 

101 

71 

172 

78 

1799 

60 

66 

126 

74 

1800 

80 

96 

176 

78 

1801 

106 

70 

176 

85 

1802 

176 

73 

249 

87 

1803 

217 

87 

304 

114 

1804 

214 

88 

302 

113 

1805 

231 

89 

320 

103 

1806 

241 

98 

339 

109 

1807 

338 

115 

453 

129 

1808 

288 

121 

409 

122 

1809 

419 

141 

560 

158 

1810 

216 

152 

368 

127 

1811 

281 

171 

452 

138 

1812 

373 

172 

545 

150 

1813 

376 

145 

521 

161 

1814 

307 

140 

447 

163 

1815 

235 

159 

394 

147 

1816 

500 

181 

681 

178 

1817 

483 

201 

684 

200 

1818 

468 

170 

638 

199 

1819 

474 

243 

717 

214 

1820 

457 

292 

749 

226 

1821 

414 

286 

700 

20S 

1822 

300 

244 

544 

158 

1823 

346 

842 

688 

170 

1824 

363 

384 

747 

178 

1825 

353 

391 

744 

177 

1826 

368 

362 

730 

175 

1827 

416 

383 

809 

183 

1828 

427 

460 

887 

202 

1829 

492 

658 

1150 

219 

1830 

455 

675 

1130 

225 

1831 

506 

616 

1112 

233 

1832 

552 

587 

1139 

249 

1S33 

455 

587 

1042 

232 

1834 

394 

589 

983 

228 

1835 

345 

644 

989 

236 

103 


Year. 

Pay. 

Poor. 

Total. 

Average 

1836 

390 

615 

1005 

227 

1837 

382 

592 

974 

213 

1838 

382 

655 

1037 

202 

1839 

333 

038 

971 

210 

1840 

290 

660 

950 

215 

1841 

328 

571 

899 

196 

1842 

321 

503 

824 

106* 

1843 

328 

577 

805 

93 

1844 

271 

667 

938 

101 

1845 

267 

688 

955 

102 

1846 

265 

808 

1073 

114 

1847 

335 

942 

1277 

127 

1848 

478 

1068 

1546 

142 

1849 

526 

1126 

1652 

148 

1850 

565 

1250 

1815 

159 

1851 

467 

1298 

1765 

158 

1852 

506 

1140 

1646 

144 

1853 

543 

1164 

1707 

162 

1854 

591 

1240 

1831 

174 

1855 

621 

1275 

1896 

178 

1856 

560 

1154 

1714 

158 

1857 

614 

1066 

1680 

159 

1858 

630 

1126 

1656 

162 

1859 

511 

1147 

1658 

164 

i860 

623 

1173 

1796 

172 

1861 

651 

1191 

1842 

180 

1862 

530 

1148 

1678 

166 

1863 

606 

1004 

1610 

183 

1864 

453 

1287 

1740 

155 

1865 

441 

1397 

1838 

157 

1866 

491 

1509 

2000 

167 

1867 

435 

1338 

1773 

170 

1868 

421 

1366 

1787 

168 

1869 

416 

1532 

1948 

160 

1870 

338 

1410 

1748 

153 

1871 

329 

1G05 

1934 

170 

1872 

406 

1599 

2005 

176 

1873 

441 

1563 

2004 

155 

1874 

459 

1328 

1787 

146 

1875 

488 

1328 

1816 

162 

1876 

368 

1270 

1638 

159 

*  This  reduction  in  the  average  population  of  the  Hospital  was  caused  by  the  re- 
moval, in  1841,  of  more  than  90  insane  patients  (mostly  permanent  boarderc)  to  the 
Pennsylvania  Hospital  for  the  Insane. 


101 

Since  the  estal)lisliincnt  of  tlie  llospitul  in  1752,  tliore 
admittoil  into  it  95,84S  patients,  of  \vl\om  62,357  have 
persons,  supported  at  the  expense  of  the  Institution. 
95,848  patients  tliere  have  been 

Cured  ....... 

Relieved       ...... 

Discharged  without  material  improvement 

Discharged  for  misconduct  or  eloped 

Pregnant  women  safely  delivered 

Infants  born  in  the  Hospital  and  discharged  in  health 

Died  


Remaining  Fourth  month  22d,  1876 


liavc  been 

been  poor 

Of  these 

61,880 
12,849 
7,295 
2,105 
1,335 
1,255 
8,974 


95,693 
155 

95,848 


In  addition  to  those  above  enumerated,  15,258  persons  were 
attended  as  out-patients,  and  furnished  with  medicine  at  the  expense 
of  the  Hospital.  This  was  done  during  the  years  1797  to  1817, 
when,  in  consequence  of  the  establishment  of  institutions  having  this 
special  object,  the  dispensary  practice  of  the  Hospital  was  discon- 
tinued. The  out-door  department  was  resumed  11th  mo.  1st,  1872, 
and  from  that  date  to  5th  mo.  2d,  1876,  9327  were  admitted — thus 
making  altogether  24,585  patients  treated  in  this  department. 


105 

Y. 

OFFICERS  OF  THE  INSTITUTION. 

ELECTED  BY  THE  CONTRIBUTORS. 


At  the  125th  Annual  Meeting  of  this  Corporation,  hehl  5th 
month  1st,  1816,  the  foUoAving  Contributors  were  elected  for  the 
ensuing  year: — 

MANAGERS. 

WILLIAM  BIDDLE,  BENJAMIN  H.  SHOEi\tAKER, 

ALEX.  J.  DERBYSHIRE,  ALEXANDER  BIDDLE. 

SAMUEL  MASON,  JOSEPH  B.  TOWNSEND, 

SA^IUEL  WELSH,  JOSEPH  C.  TURNPENNY, 

WISTAR  MORRIS,  T.  WISTAR  BROWN, 

JACOB  P.  JONES,  HENRY  HAINES. 

TREASURER. 

JOHN  T.  LEWIS. 


APPOINTED  BY  THE  MANAGERS. 


HOSPITAL  OX  PINE  STREET. 

STEWARD,  William  G.  Malin. 

MATRON, 

ASSISTANT  MATRON,  Fannie  G.  Irwin. 

CLERK,  LIBRARIAN,  AND  ASSISTANT  STEWARD, 

Jonathan  Richards. 

APOTHECARY,  Charles  Wirgman. 

PHYSICIANS. 
JOHN  FORSYTH   MEIGS,   M.D.,  JAMES  H.  HUTCHINSON,  M.D., 

JACOB  M.   DA  COSTA,   M.D  ,  J.   AITKEN  MEIGS,   M.D. 

SURGEONS. 
ADDINELL  HEWSON,    M.D.,  THOS.   GEORGE  MORTON,    M.D., 

AVILLIAM  HUNT,   M.D.,  RICHARD  J.   LEVIS,   M.D. 

RESIDENT  PHYSICIANS. 

T.  HEWSON  BRADFORD,    M.D.,  WM.  BARTON  HOPKINS,   M.D., 

JOHN  B.  ROBERTS,   M.D. 

PATHOLOGIST  AND  CUR.VTOR,  Mouuis  Longstreth,  :\LD. 

PATHOLOGICAL  CHEMIST,  Horace  Binney  Hare,  M.D. 

MICROSCOPIST,  Joseph  G.  Richardson,  M.D. 


OUT-PATIENT  DEPARTMENT. 

PHYSICIANS. 

MORRIS  LONGSTRETH,  M.D.,  JOSEPH  G.  RICHARDSON,  M.D., 

JOSEPH  J.  KIRKBRIDE,  M.D. 

SURGEONS. 
CHARLES  HUNTER,   M.D.,  ELLIOTT  RICHARDSON,  M.D., 

THOMAS  H.  ANDREWS,  M  D.,  WILLIAM  ASHBRIDGE,  M.D. 


lOG 


YI. 


PENNSYLVANIA  HOSPITAL  FOR  THE  INSANE. 

The  Pennsylvania  Hospital  for  the  Insane  (situated  in  West  Phil- 
adelphia) was  opened  for  the  reception  of  patients  on  the  1st  day  of 
the  year  1841,  since  which  time  there  have  been  admitted  into  it — 

Males.  Females.  Pay.  Free.  Total. 

3831  3336  5635  1532  71G7 

Of  the  whole  number  admitted  have  been  discliarged — 

Cured 3324 

Much  improved    .....  )  ,p„^ 

T  J  r  lb  ti 

Improved     ......  ) 

Stationary    .......       853 

Died 894 


6748 
Remain  under  treatment        .         .         .         .       419 


Total,     7167 

The  following  table  exhil)its  the  gradual  increase  in  number  of 
insane  patients  in  the  Hospital,  being  the  number  under  care  at  the 
close  of  each  official  year  since  it  was  opened. 

At  the  close  of  the  year 
ending  4th  mo.  24, 


Average  number 

during  the  year. 

1841  th 

ere  were 

97  p 

atients. 

1842 

" 

109 

" 

106 

1843 

i< 

135 

11 

120 

1844 

" 

147 

" 

138 

1845 

" 

158 

(( 

154 

1846 

i< 

180 

(1 

169 

1847 

" 

188 

(1 

172 

1848 

(1 

202 

" 

192 

1849 

i( 

208 

(( 

202 

1850 

*' 

230 

" 

210 

1851 

(( 

230 

1 1 

216 

1852 

<( 

227 

(< 

226 

1853 

i( 

226 

" 

223 

1854 

(( 

229 

(1 

232 

1855 

" 

236 

(1 

228 

1856 

(( 

230 

" 

234 

1857 

(( 

243 

II 

234 

107 


At  the  close  of  the  year 
ending  4th  mo.  24, 


]858  there  were  235  patients. 


1859 

252 

1860 

264 

1861 

277 

1862 

2(;5 

1863 

272 

1864 

290 

1865 

297 

1866 

319 

1867 

336 

1868 

361 

1869 

337 

1870 

331 

1871 

35  G 

1872 

398 

1873 

391 

1874 

426 

1875 

434 

1876 

427 

Average  number 
during  tlie  year. 

237 
239 
256 
276 
27  2 
273 
286 
288 
305 
311 
349 
346 
326 
352 
o85 
404 
412 
424 
433 


The  total  number  of  patients  treated  for  insanity  in  both  branches 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  since  its  foundation  in  1752  is  11,507. 


108 


PHYSICIAN-IX-CIIIEF  AND  SUPERINTENDENT, 

Ok.  THOMAS  S.  KIRIvBRIDE  (Elected  1840). 

ASSISTANT  PHYSICIANS. 


1     From. 

To. 

Dr.  Edwai'il  Ilartshonie 

1840 

1841 

3  mouths. 

"    Francis  Guriiey  Smith 

1841 

1841 

9  months. 

"   l\ol)crt  A.  Given 

1842 

1844 

2  years  and  4  months. 

"   John  Curwen 

1844 

1849 

5  years  and  4  months. 

"   Thomas  J.  ^lendenhall 

1849 

1851 

1  year  and  4  months. 

"  J.  Edwards  Lee 

n851 

tl862 

1856| 
1868i 

11  years  and  7  months. 

"   Edward  A.  Smith 

1856 

1862 

6  years  and  1  month. 

"    William  P.  Moon 

1868 

"  Rob'i  J.  Iless,  MAss't 

1875 

MALE  DKPARTMEXT. 

Dr.  S.  Preston  Jones,  1st  As't 

1859 

2d  Assistants. 

Dr.  "William  Longshore 

1860 

1862 

1  year  and  7  months. 

"   James  Hall 

1863 

1863 

6  months. 

"   Daniel  Beitler 

1864 

1867 

3  years  and  2  months. 

"   John  T   Wilson 

1867 

1868 

1  year  and  2  months. 

"  J.  Roe  Bradner 

1869 

1871 

2  years  and  5  months. 

"  William  n.  Bartles 

1871 

"   Frank G.  Corson  Jd As't 

1875 

STEWARDS  AND  MATRONS  OF  THE  HOSPITAL  FOR  THE 

INSANE. 


Stewards. 

From. 

To. 

Served. 

William  G.  Malin 

1840 

1849 

8  years  and  8  months. 

Jonathan  Richards 

(1849 
11859 

1853> 
1869] 

14  years  and  2  months. 

John  Wistar 

1853 

1866 

13  years. 

Joshua  P.  Edge 

1866 

1873 

6  years  and  2  months. 

Joseph  Jones 

1870 

George  Jones 

1873 

Matrons. 

Mary  D.  Sharpless 

1840 

1849 

8  years  and  6  months. 

Margaret  C.  Richards 

(1849 
(1859 

1853) 
1865)' 

9  years  and  9  months. 

Margaret  N.  Wistar 

1853 

1866 

13  vears. 

Harriet  P.  Smith 

1865 

1870 

5  years. 

Jane  Mitchell 

1866 

1867 

1  year  and  1  month. 

Anne  Jones 

1870 

109 


YII. 
OFFICERS  OF   THE   IKSTITUTI0:N^ 

FOR  THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INSANE. 


MANAGERS. 


William  Biddle,  President.  Jacob  P.  Jones, 

Benj.  H.  Shoemaker,  Secretary.  Alexander  Biddle, 
A.  J.  Derbyshire,  Joseph  B.  Townsend, 

Samuel  Mason,  Joseph  C.  Turnpenny, 

Samuel  Welsh,  T.  Wistar  Brown, 

Wistar  Morris,  Henry  Haines. 

TREASURER. 

John  T.  Lewis. 

PHYSICIAN  IN  CHIEF  AND  SUPERINTENDENT. 

Thomas  S.  Kirkbride,  M.D. 


Department  for  Males. 

ASSISTANT  PHYSICIAN. 
S.  Preston  Jones,  M.D. 

3d  ASSISTANT  PHYSICIAN. 
Wm.  H.  Bartles,  M.D, 

3d  ASSISTANT  PHYSICIAN. 
Frank  F.  Corson,  M.D. 

STEWARD. 

Geokge  Jones. 

MATRON. 
Hannah  P.  Sager. 


Department  for  Females. 

ASSISTANT  PHYSICIAN. 
William  P.  Moon,  M.D. 

2d  ASSISTANT  PHYSICIAN. 
Robert  J.  Hess,  M.D, 

STEWARD. 
Joseph  Jones. 

MATRON. 
Anne  Jones. 


110 


YIIT. 
LEGACIES 

BEQUEATHED  TO  THE  PENNSYLVANIA  HOSPITAL 
FROM  1751  TO  1876. 


1761  Maiy  Allen,  mother  of  Chief  Justice  Allen  $266  66 

"  Mary  Andrews,  ground  rents  valued  at  633  33 

"  Margaret  Ashetou  26  67 

1765  Hannah  Allen  26  67 

1770  Robert  Allison,  Lancaster  County  266  66 

1775  Enoch  Abrahams,  Radnor  53  33 

1776  Aaron  Ashbridge  80  00 

1777  Caleb  Ash,  butcher  31  33 
1803  Caleb  Ash  200  00 
1812  Susanna  P.  Abington  250  00 
1816  George  Aston  400  00 
1873  John  Agnew  1425  00 

B. 


1761 

John  Baldwin 

133  33 

1765 

William  Bromwich 

53  33 

u 

George  Benzel 

80  00 

u 

General  Henry  Bouquet 

106  66 

(( 

Christopher  Brown,  Queen  Ann's  Co.,  Maryland 

(received  from  1765  to  1776) 

1333  33 

1776 

Daniel  Bornemann,  Philadelijliia  Co. 

16  00 

1770 

James  Bright,  hatter 

80  00 

1773 

William  Bettle 

66  66 

1807 

John  Blakey 

266  66 

1843 

Pierre  Antoine  Bleuon  (received  from  1843  to 

1851) 

1,700  00 

1849 

Paul  Beck,  Jr. 

975  00 

1860 

Benjamin  F.  Butler                                    500  00 

1862 

"          "        "                                           150  00 

1870 

"          "        "                                           150  00 

800  00 

1863 

Samuel  Breck 

225  62 

1869 

Isaac  Barton 

4.300  00 

1872 

Nathan  Barrett 

95  00 

Ill 


1755 

Joshua  Crosby 

$266  66 

nr,o 

Henry  Croyder,  Lancaster 

Co. 

£20     0 

0 

^  100  89 

1762 

u                  i; 

u 

17   16 

9 

i 

1761 

Rebecca  Cooper 

53  30 

1765 

Thomas  Campbell 

26  67 

1769 

William  Coleman,  Esq 

[• 

133  33 

1772 

Charles  Cress 

400  00 

1773 

John  Roberts  Cadwal; 

ider, 

,  of  Wh 

itpain 

13  33 

1785 

Deborah  Claypole,  £6 

[)er 

annum 

206  66 

1806 

Samuel  Cooper,  M.D. 

(received  fr( 

3m  1806  to 

1812) 

2,415  76 

1814 

William  Chancellor 

1,000  00 

1817 

Hannah  Clarke 

50  00 

1819 

Nathaniel  Curren 

133  38 

1821 

Robert  Correy 

500  00 

1857 

Jasper  Cope 

5,000  00 

1858 

Elliott  Crcsson 

5,728  84 

1859 

Jane  Clark 

1,000  00 

1863 

John  Clark 

95  00 

1870 

Cozzens 

423 

98 

1872 

a 

33 

33 

457  31 

1874 

Esther  L.  Cooper 

2,000  00 

it 

St.  George  Tucker  Campbell 

1,000  00 

D. 


1761 

Peter  Dicks 

133  33 

1766 

Matthew  Drason 

66  66 

1769 

Peter  Del  age 

106  06 

1770 

Mary  Dougherty 

13  33 

(; 

John  Davis,  of  Darby 

133  33 

1771 

Gilbert  Deacon 

26  67 

1774 

Jacob  Dubree 

133  33 

1782 

Esther  Duche 

133  33 

1801 

William  Dawson,  Jr. 

133  33 

1820 

William  Dawson,  brewer 

400  00 

1808 

Andrew  Doz  (received  from 

1808  to  1844) 

5,028  89 

1811 

Christian  H.  Denckla 

200  00 

1812 

John  Descamps 

500  00 

1820 

Elizabeth  Dawson 

100  00 

1832 

Dorothy  Dale 

390  00 

1860 

Josiah  Dawson 

11,500  00 

1871 

Henry  Duhring 

100  00 

1863 

F.  M.  Drexel 

900  00 

1873 

Mordecai  L.  Dawson 

5,000  00 

112 


E. 


1707  Hudson  Kniloii 

1771  1\:k"1u'1  lOmk'ii 

1775  C'liristian  Kdol 

182-4  John  0.  Evans,  carpenter 

1854  J.  Elej- 


$106  G6 

133  33 

13  33 

400  00 

3,758  10 


1790     Robert  Fleniino-  (received  1700  and  1791) 
1800     Benjamin  Fuller 

Captain  Nathaniel  Falconer 

Thomas  Fisher 

Sarah  Falconer 

Anthony-  Fotliergill 

Robert  Fieldinu' 


1808 
1810 
1815 
1821 
1853 
18G4 
1808 
1867 
1868 


Joseph  Fisher 


4S7  66 
400  00 
133  33 
100  00 
80  00 
100  00 


4,460  24 
239  79 
1,873  92   6,573  95 
35.459  25 

9,126  18  44,585  43 


G. 


1762  Thomas  Griffin,  of  Bucks  Co. 

1765  Samuel  Grubb,  of  Chester  Co. 

1772  Isaac  Greenleafe 

"  Michael  Gross,  of  Lancaster 

1808  Thomas  George 

1817  Margerj'  Ged 

1828  John  Grandom 

1832  Stephen  Girard 

1835  Ann  Guest 

1870  John  W.  Grigg 

1871  James  R.  Greeves 

1872  George  W.  Groove 

1873  Jesse  George 


26  67 

133  33 

266  69 

36  00 

200  00 

300  00 

2,925  00 

29^250  00 

487  50 

47,500  00 

950  00 

5,000  00 

20.000  00 


H. 


1765  Elizabeth  Hinmarsh 

1769  Edward  Hill,  of  Berks  Co. 

''  Charles  Harrison,  of  Boston 

1770  Philip  Hulbert 
1785  Michael  Hutchison 
1795  Reuben  Haines 

"  Margaret  Haines 

1813  Samuel  Howell 


13  33 

266  66 
2,040  00 
53  33 
133  33 
266  66 
266  66 
266  66 


113 


1815  Isaac  Harvey 

1822  Josiah  Hewes 

1824  Godfrey  Haga 

1836  Elizabeth  Hampton 

1866  Mary  Ann  Harris 

18G7  John  Harding,  Jr. 


;1,200 

00 

1.200 

00 

1,000 

00 

61 

25 

800 

00 

1,000 

00 

I  &  J. 


26 

67 

533 

33 

266 

66 

26,914 

17 

1,037 

56 

100 

00 

1768  Richard  Johnson                         133  33 

1770  Mary  Jacob                              26  67 

1869  N.  S.  Jennings                           120  00 

K. 

1772  Conrad  Kelmer 

1801  Peter  Knight 

1803  Robert  Knox,  mariner 

1808  John  Keble  (received  from  1808  to  1851) 

1854  John  Keble  430  54 

1855  »         "  607  02 
1871  William  Kirkham 


1775  Jacob  Lewis,  a  ground  rent,  value  225  00 

1776  William  Logan  266  66 
1778  Mary  Loveday  133  33 
1782  Joseph  Lownes  26  67 

1795  Samuel  Lewis  266  66 

1796  Hannah  Lownes  26  67 
1800  Mordecai  Lewis  266  66 
1803  James  Logan,  merchant  1,333  33 
1805  Christopher  Ludwig  266  66 
1823  Josiah  H.  Lownes  500  00 
1835  Mahlon  Lawrence  292  50 
1870  Margaret  Latimer  5,000  GO 

M. 


1762 

James  McCulloch 

23  91 

1765 

Samuel  Mirkle 

66   66 

(( 

Joseph  Marshall 

133  33 

1766 

Frederick  Mirele,  Springfield,  Phila.  Co. 

29   46 

1768 

Daniel  Murphy 

8  00 

1774 

Archibald  McLean 

26  67 

1774 

Samuel  Morton 

133  33 

1776 

Sarah  Morris 

66  66 

lU 


17TS 

William  Mitoliell 

$133  33 

17S9 

Robort  Morton 

133  33 

17111 

liiicoa  McCalla 

88  87 

171U 

Alexander  Major,  of  G\vvne<l(l 

26  67 

1800 

I)eborah  ^[orris  (oronnil  rent,  per  annum 

$73  33) 

1,222  00 

1801 

Patrick  McGuier,  schoolmaster 

278  50 

1804 

Mary  INIorris 

133  33 

1813 

Sarah  Moore 

1,215  00 

1816 

Sarah  ]\rarriott 

66  66 

ii. 

Robert  Montsromery 

1,000  00 

1821 

Rachel  McCulloch 

26  67 

1823 

Moses  B.  Moody  (received  from  1823  to  1826) 

1,559  40 

1844 

John  Murra}' 

50  00 

1855 

Jacob  G.  ^lorris 

507  50 

1859 

Abram  Miller                                              1,000  00 

1860 

"           "                                                  2,559  73 

1863 

"           "                                                12,833  33 

16,393  06 

1860 

Catharine  Morris 

190  00 

1871 

Benjamin  Marshall 

1,000  00 

(; 

Samuel  Y.  Merrick 

250  00 

N. 

1763     Content  Xicholson  66  66 

1769     Isaac  Norris  266  66 

1774     Samuel  Xeave  1,033  33 

1792     Thomas  Xedrow  66  66 

1807     Charles  Xicholes  5,000  00 

1868     Abram  J.  Nunes  3,225  12 

1872     Charles  Norton  200  00 

O. 

1767     George  Owen  133  33 

1772     Ann  Opertony  168  75 

1870     Georse  Ord  25,730  68 


1754  Mary  Plumstead  133  33 

1771  John  Peters  26  67 

1776  Meriam  Potts  23  67 

1791  Sarah  Par  rock  800  00 

1792  Esther  Peraberton  133  33 
1796  Thomas  Paschall                   '  106  66 

''  John  Pennell  66  66 

1813  John  Pemberton  133  33 

1828  Martha  Powell  585  00 


115 


7834 

Elliston  Perot 

$100  00 

1840 

John  Perot 

100  00 

1848 

Joseph  Price 

1,000  00 

1852 

John  Pea 

1,457  b7 

1855 

John  Paul 

975  00 

1861 

Jos.  Price,  Exr.  of  S.  R. 

Simmons 

5,000  00 

1864 

Hannah  Parke,  Exr.  of 

3,800  00 

u 

Francis  Pierpont,  p]xrs. 

of 

2,700  00 

1865 

u                   ((                   u 

1,134  00 

3,834  00 

1867 

Pr.  Casper  W.  Pen  nock 

1,000  00 

u 

Edward  Perot 

1,000  00 

1870 

Charles  Perot 

1,000  00 

11 

Sarah  Phipps 

200  00 

1875 

Joseph  Pleasants 

R. 

95  00 

1761 

Francis  Rawle 

133  33 

1765 

Rndman  Robeson 

533  33 

1766 

Jacob  Rightlinger,  Lebanon,  Lane. 

Co. 

121  93 

1767 

Septimus  Robeson 

133  33 

1771 

Thomas  Robinson 

133  33 

1774 

William  Rakestraw 

53  33 

1796 

Daniel  Rundle 

666   66 

1800 

Peter  Reeve,  mariner 

133  33 

1804 

John  Roberts 

133  33 

1809 

Hugh  Roberts 

266  66 

1866 

William  Richardson 

890  00 

1870 

Evans  Rogers 

952  50 

1873 

Edward  Roberts 

4,750  00 

1758 

Christopher  Sauer 

S. 

53  33 

1761 

Richard  Spring 

98  35 

1766 

Mary  Standley 

r.6  f,6 

u 

Christopher  Saunderson 

26  66 

1771 

Daniel  Stanton 

26  66 

a 

Joseph  Stout 

26  66 

1772 

Ann  Strettell 

58  88 

1774 

Samuel  Sansom 

80  00 

1792 

Samuel  Scott,  Lancastei 

rCo. 

81   86 

1794 

James  Stoops 

1,889  31 

1798 

Resolve  Smith 

533  83 

1799 

Buckridge  Sims 

266  66 

1803 

William'Sheaflf 

300  00 

1811 

Esther  Sprague 

848   13 

1827 

Joseph  Sansom 

487  50 

1829 

Samuel  Scotten 

196  67 

1880 

Paul  Siemen 

1,950  00 

1874 

William  Stevenson 

5,000  00 

116 


ITT'2  rotor  Turner  $2fifi  66 

1774  Thomas  Turner  400  00 

ISOO  "William  Topliff,  merchant  266  66 

ISIU  Thomas  Toplili"  237  33 

ISIS  Margaret  Thomas  133  33 

1819  Dinah  Thomas  20  00 


1870     Eliza  11.  Yaux  1,000  00 

W. 

1754     Edward  Warner  £25  Os.  Od.] 

1768     Edward  Warner's  heirs;  viz.,  Joseph  | 

Fox,  Mary  and  Sarah  Norris,  Anna  !  oi^  nr, 

Warner,  Joshua  Howell,  and  Sam'I  ( 

Shoemaker,    present    a    residuary  j 

balance  of  103  5  10     J 

1763     Abraham  Waggoner 

1765     Christopher  Wilt 

1767     Stephen  Williams 
"        Robert  Wilson 

1772  William  White 

1773  William  Wood 
17S3     John  Wall,  of  New  Jersey 
1797     Bartholomew  Wistar 
1802     William  Wister 

1804  William  Wharton,  ground  rents  of  $39  50  per 

annum,  at  par 

1805  Peter  Wickoff 
1815     Chamless  Wharton 
1828     John  G.  Wachsrauth 
1872     R.D.Wood 


1758     Lloyd  Zachary  £350    0  0}    ^  -i-,-)  ](> 

1768  "  his  Exrs.  and  Devisees    67  11  U\      ' 

1793     Jonathan  Zane  (received  from  1793  to  1800)      '       889  15 


53 

33 

160 

00 

80 

00 

26 

67 

213 

33 

26 

67 

933 

39 

266 

66 

133 

33 

658 

33 

100 

00 

500 

00 

,950 

00 

200 

00 

117 


IX. 

DOI^ATIOKS. 


1751 

\1Q2 

1758 
1763 
1789 
1759 
1786 
1864 


1858 
1864 
1852 
1864 
1867 
1868 
1869 
1870 
1871 
1864 
1867 
1864 
1866 
1867 
1868 
1869 
1870 
1871 
1864 
1867 
1868 
1869 
1870 
1871 
1857 


FROM  CORPORATIONS,  ETC. 

Thornbury  Township 

Middletown  Townsliip,  Chester  Co. 

Union  Fire  Company  £25 


Friendship  Fire  Co. 

Concert  in  German  Reformed  Church 

First  National  Bank 

Philadelphia  Bank 

City  National  Bank 

Penn  National  Bank 

Saint  Peter's  Churcli 

The  Phoenix  Iron  Co. 

The  Philada.  and  Reading  R.  R.  Co. 


The  Pennsylvania  R.  R.  Co. 

a  u 

The  Phila.  W.  &  B.  R.  R.  Co. 


Lehigh  Valley  R.  R.  Co. 


Ilarrisburg,  Lancaster  &  Portsmouth  R 


$26 

67 

150 

66 

Os.  OcZ. 

I. 

10   0 

33 

0   0 

26 

67 

110 

95 

500 

00 

1,000 

00 

100 

00 

100 

00 

100 

00 

250 

00 

2,000 

10,000 

1,000 

1,000 

1,000 

1,000 

1,000 

17,000 

00 

10,000 

5,000 

15,000 

00 

600 

600 

1,000 

1,000 

1,000 

1,000 

1,000 

6,200 

00 

1,000 

300 

300 

300 

300 

300 

2,500 

00 

.  R.  Co. 

500 

00 

118 


lSf>T 

Sc-Iuiylkill  Xaviiiiitioii  C(». 

$300  00 

ISi;;") 

Sanilarv  C'Ominissiou 

$1,000 

1809 

//? sii  ra  nee  Co mpan ies. 

2,000 

3,000  00 

1S(U 

Mutual  Aissuiauce 

1.000 

1808 

u                   u 

5,000 

fi,000  00 

18(U 

Insurance  Co.  of  North  America 

1,000  00 

" 

Delaware  jNIutual  Safety 

1,000  00 

ii 

Keliance  Fire  Co. 

200  00 

i> 

Mutual  Life 

500  00 

18G7 

Philadelphia  Conlrihutionship  Co. 

5,000  00 

Froni  Individuaiti  and  Finyis. 

Charles  Bartles,  lumber 

Cornelius  Smith,  in  stock 

James  P.  Wood,  deduction  from  bill  low  steam  apparatus 

Kommel,  Potts  &  Co.,  deduction  from  coal  bill 

George  Dodd  &  Son,  carriage  work 

Supplee  &  Pennepacker,  deducted  from  bill,  plastering 

John  G.  Reading,  lumber 

Baker,  Davis  &  Co.,  deducted  from  bill  of  books 

Wm.  D.  Rodgers,  deduction  in  i^rice  of  pony  phaeton 

George  Vogt,  deduction  in  i^rice  of  piano 


50 

00 

100 

00 

100 

00 

119 

90 

100 

00 

250 

00 

50 

00 

53 

00 

65 

00 

200 

00 

119 


X. 

CONTRIBUTORS  TO  THE  PENNSYLVANIA 
HOSPITAL,  1751  TO  1876. 


1751  William  Allen,  Esq.,  Ch'f  Justice. 

"      Stephen  Anthony. 

"      John  Armitt,  cooper. 
175-4  William  Attwood. 

"      Alexander  Allair. 

"      George  Asbridge. 

"      jNIatthias  Aspden. 
1755  Benjamin  Armitage,  Jr.,  smith. 
1759  Captain  Henry  Ash,  mariner. 
17G1    Martin  Ashburn. 

"      Joshua  Ash,  Darby,  Chester  Co. 
1764  William    iishbridge,   miller,  Ox- 
ford Township. 
17(57  Lawrence  Anderson. 
1775  Joseph  Allen. 
1781  Chamless  Allen. 

1785  Richard  Adams. 

1786  Joseph  Anthony,  merchant. 
"      Peter  Aston. 

"      John  Angres. 
1788  Thomas  Affleck  (in  furniture). 
1791  James  Ash,  Esq.,  sheritf. 

"      Thomas  Powell  Anthony. 
1801   Robert  Annesley,  merchant. 
1806  Robert  Adams,  merchant. 
1809  John  Ashley. 
1821   William  Abbott,  brewer. 
1882    liobert  Andrews. 
1833  Thomas  Astley. 

"_     William  V.  Anderson,  grocer. 
1841    Richard  Ashhurst,  merchant. 

"       Lewis  R.  Ashhurst,  merchant. 
1845  Joseph  B.  Andrews,  lumber  mer- 
chant. 

'<      William  Ashbridge. 
1847  John  Ashhurst. 

"      William  L.  Aslihurst. 
1856   Richard  Ashhurst,  Jr. 

"      Josepli  Andrade. 

"      S.  Austin  Allibone. 

"      Anthony  J.  Antelo. 

"      Ellis  S.  Archer. 


1856  Mary  Ann  Archer. 

"     Jacob  T.  Alberger  &  Co. 

"      John  Anspach. 

"      Joshua  W.  Ash. 

"      John  Agnew. 

"      John  B.  Austin. 

"      Jacob  Alter. 

"      Geo.  R.  Ayres. 

"     George  Abeel. 

1857  Abbott  &  Lawrence. 
"      Thomas  Allibone. 

<'      William  L.  Abbott. 

1858  James  Andrews. 
"      Lewis  Audenreid. 

1859  John  C.  Allen. 

"      Samuel  Ashhurst. 
"      John  Ashhurst,  Jr. 
"      Jane  Ashbridge. 
"      Thomasin  Ashbridge. 
•'      Allen  &  Needles. 

1860  Mrs.  Lewis  R.  Ashhurst. 
"      Andrews  &  Dixon. 

"      W.  &  J.  Allen. 
1865  D.  Hayes  Agnew,  M.D. 

1867  William  II.  Ashiiurst. 

1868  Dr.  Francis  Aslihurst. 
1873  W.  Ashmead,  xM.D. 


B. 


1751  Anthony  Benezet. 

"  John  Bleakley,  shopkeeper. 

"  Dr.  Thomas  Bond. 

"  Dr.  Phineas  Bond. 

1752  Daniel  Benezet. 
"  John  F>owman. 

"  William  I'.ranson,  merchant. 

"  John  Bayley. 

"  William  Hall,  golilsmith. 

"  William  Bard,  merchant. 

"  John  15aynton. 
1754  Gunning  Bedford,  carpenter. 

"  I'hilip  Benezet,  merchant. 


120 


1 

-04 

John  RicMle. 

1793 

" 

Samuel  Boiniel,  sinitli. 

1794 

n 

Thonius  Hourne. 

" 

" 

'J'lionias  Brooks,  bricklayer. 

1795 

" 

.IiToiniali  Urown. 

1797 

" 

George  Bullock. 

'« 

•' 

John  Bringhurs^t,  merchant. 

■  I 

1 

"55 

William  Bradford. 

1798 

" 

John  Bleaklej',  Sr. 

1799 

'» 

Andrew  Bankson. 

" 

" 

AVilliani  Buckley. 

1801 

r 

-o6 

Henry  Bossier,  innkeeper. 
George  Bensell. 
Samuel  Burge. 

1802 

" 

James  Benezet. 

1803 

" 

George  Bryan. 

1804 

1 

"58  John  and  Jacob  n:inkson. 

1807 

" 

John  Bissell,  smith. 

" 

" 

Joseph  Baker. 

" 

" 

^Yilliam  Bingham,  Sr. 

" 

r 

■59 

John  Bell 

Richard  Blackham. 

1809 

it. 

r 

■(31 

David  Bacon,  hatter. 

James  Bringhurst,  house  carpen- 

1810 

ter. 

1812 

" 

Joseph  Bringhurst,  cooper. 

1818 

" 

Matthias  Bush. 

1820 

" 

John  Baily  (furniture). 

1821 

■62 

David  Barclay  and  Sous,  London. 

1823 

" 

Davis  Bassest. 

1824 

■63 

Job  Bacon,  hatter. 
Abraham  Bickley,  merchant. 

1827 

■64 

David  Bevcridge,  merchant. 

1828 

■66 

Captain  Richard  Budden. 

1833 

" 

Elias  Bland  (tire  engine). 

1834 

" 

Timothy  Bevan,  London. 

" 

■67 

Clement  Biddle,  merchant. 

" 

-68 

Robert  Bass. 

1840 

" 

John  Bayard,  merchant. 

1841 

■69  John  Bringhurst,  of  Gerraant'n. 

1845 

r70 

William  Barrell. 

1846 

ul 

James  Biddle,  Esq. 

1847 

" 

George  I'ertram. 

1848 

(73 

Morris  Birkbeck,  of  Gt.  Britain. 

1849 

775 

Barnabas  Barnes. 

" 

Edward  Bonsall. 

1851 

■80 

Hillary  Baker. 

«' 

r8i 

William  Bingham. 

1852 

■86 

Peter  Baynton. 
Jacob  Biker. 
Edward  Bird. 
John  Bartholomew. 
William  Bradford,  Jr. 
Captain  Thomas  Bell. 

i( 

Robert  Bridges. 

1853 

J.  J.  Burchell. 

1854 

Joseph  Blewer. 

" 

Daniel  Byrnes. 

1855 

r 

■87 

Edward  Brooks. 

•  ' 

r 

■88 

Cornelius  Barnes. 

" 

Robert  Buchanan,  of  Scotland. 

David  Breintnall. 

Frederick  Boiler. 

Samuel  Baker,  hatter. 

Paul  Beck,  Jr.,  merchant. 

Peter  Brown. 

Samuel  Bloiiget. 

Dr.  Benjamin  S.  Barton. 

Joseph  Ball,  merchant. 

Andrew  Brown,  printer. 

Robert  Barclay,  merchant, 

George  Branner,  milkman. 

Anthony  AL  Buckley,  merchant. 

Samuel  Brown. 

John  Bacon,  merchant. 

Jacob  Beninghove,  tobacconist. 

Thomas  Biddle,  broker. 

John  Coates   Brown,  shipsmith. 

William  J.  Brown. 

Curtis  Bolton,  merchant. 

John  Bolton,  of  Savannah. 

Matthew  L.  Bevan,  merchant. 

Horace   Binney,  Esq.,  attorney- 

at-law. 
Joshua  Byron. 
John  11.  B  iker. 
Charles  Bird. 
Joseph  D.  Brown. 
John  Rhea  Barton,  M.D. 
Josiah  Bunting,  lumber  nierch't. 
John  Bell,  .M.D. 
Franklin  Bache,  M.D. 
Edward  Burd. 

Theophilus  E.  Beesley,  M.D. 
David  S.  Brown,  merchant. 
Jeremiah  Brown,  merchant. 
William  Henry  Brown,  merchant. 
Frederick  Brown,  apothecary. 
James  H.  Bradford,  M.D. 
Clement  C.  Biddle. 
Johu  B.  Biddle,  M.D. 
Issac  Barton. 
Jacob  T.  Bunting. 
William  Biddle. 
T.  Hewson  Bache,  M.D. 
Samuel  Bettle,  Jr. 
William  Bettle. 
Charles  L.  Boker. 
Henry  Paul  Beck. 
Geo.  W.  Biddle. 
Charles  S.  Boker,  M.D. 
Ann  M.  Biker. 
Charles  H.  Baker. 
Frederick  Brown,  Jr. 
Washington  Brown. 
Clement  Biddle,  Jr. 
Thomas  A.  Biddle. 
Henry  I.  Biddle. 
Bennerville  D.  Brown. 
Alexander  Biddle. 


121 


1855  James  Bayard. 

"  Jona.  Willinms  Biddle. 

1856  M.  Brook  Buckley. 
"  Timothy  M.  Bryan. 
"  Abraliaai  Barker. 

"  Albert  Barnes. 

"  Charles  Boiie. 

"  Joseph  B    Bloodgood. 

"  W.  G.  Boyd. 

"  John  Bohlen. 

"  John  A.  Brown. 

"  William  A.  Blanchard. 

"  John  B.  Budd. 

"  Thomas  Beaver. 

"  Bucknor,  McCammon  &  Co. 

"  Maria  Blight. 

"  Moses  Brown. 

"  William  II.  Brown  &  Co. 

"  Ale.xander  Brown. 

"  Joel  J.  Baily. 

"  Pierre  Antoine  Blenon. 

"  Thomas  Biddle. 

1857  H.  Nelson  Burroughs. 
"  Brown  &  Embly. 

"  John  .M.  Butler. 

"  Henry  P.  Borie. 

"  William  M.  Baird. 

"  Patrick  Brady. 

"  James  Benners. 

"  Stephen  Baldwin. 

'•  Budd  &  Comley. 

"  Biites  &  Coats. 

"  E.  F.  Bockius. 

"  Bute  &  Smith. 

"  Samuel  Barton  &  Co. 

"  William  liucknall. 

"  William  E.  Bowen. 

"  Washington  Butcher. 

"  John  Butclier. 

"  Alexander  Benson. 

"  Gustavus  S.  Benson. 

"  Matthew  W.  Baldwin  &  Co. 

"  Stacey  B.  Barcroft. 

"  Bunn,  Kaiguel  &  Co. 

"  Horace  Bitiney,  Jr. 

"  John  W.  Biddle. 

"  Samuel  Biddle. 

"  Boulton,  Vandevere  &  Co. 

"  Ge()rge  II.  Burgess,  M.D. 

"  S.  S.  Brown. 

"  H.  S.  Benson. 

"  John  Bohlen,  Jr. 

18G8  Bailey  &  Brothers. 

"  Mary  Br;iy. 

"  M.  &  C.  Bancroft. 

"  Josiah  B;icon. 

"  John  A.  lirowii  (builder). 

"  Joseph  M.  Bennett. 

1859  Atherton  Bliglit. 

"  T.  W.  &  .M.  Brown. 


1859  John  Baird. 

"      Michal  &  Baker. 

•'      Joshua  L.  Bailey. 

"      Edward  Bedlock. 

"      John  P.  Brock. 

"      John  C.  Bullitt. 

"       Robert  Buist. 

"      Elizabeth  C.  Biddle. 

"      Beiijtunin  Bullock. 

"      L)r.  James  Bond. 

"      Henry  M.  Benners. 

"      George  W.  Benners. 

"      Samuel  Branson, 

"      Jane  Brinton. 

"      George  Brinton. 

"      Samuel  Baugh. 

"       Allen  II.  Bookhammer. 

"      Joseph  Budd. 

"      Lewis  Brinton. 

"       Andrew  C.  Barclay. 

"      Dr.  George  II.  Burgin. 

"      T.  Wistar  Brown. 

"      Wiiliiim  S.  Baird. 

1860  Henry  B.  Benners. 
"  Mrs.  Moses  Brown. 
"      Mrs.  A.  E.  Borie. 

"      Mrs.  Ball. 

"      Mrs.  Horace  Binney. 

"      Mrs.  Christian  Biddle. 

"       Mrs.  John  B.  Budd. 

"      Mrs.  .John  A.  Brown. 

"      William  Brown. 

"      Clement  B.  Barclay. 

"      John  Brock. 

"      John  Black. 

"      Charles  Bullock. 

William  S.  Boyd. 

Michnel  Bouvier. 

Mary  D.  Brown. 

Emily  M.  I'.iddle. 

Clement  Biddle. 

Adolph  E.  Horie. 

J.  H.  Bracken. 

William  II.  Boyer. 

Helen  Bell. 
"      S.  Mason  P.ines. 
"       S.  Mason  Bines,  Jr. 
"      William  T.  Bines. 
"      David  A.  Bines. 
"      Bowen  &  Fox. 
"      .lairus  Baker. 
"      Emily  Bell. 
"      Ann  M.  Baker. 

1866  Boyd  &  Hough. 

"  Ilichani  W.  IJacon. 
"  Andrew  C.  Barclay. 
"      Charles  P.  I'.ayard. 

1867  Laura  Bell. 

"      v..  &  II.  Borie. 

"      John  R.  Blackiston. 


1861 
1864 


1865 


122 


1SG7 


1870 
1871 


1874 
1875 


1751 


1752 
1754 


^56 


1757 
1758 


Joseph  IVieon. 
HolHMt  ."t  W.  i: .  IVKl,lle. 
E    W.  baiU-y. 
Tlieoilore  Bliss. 
Henry  Hower. 
Mrs.  Will.  lUiokiiell. 
Alfred  G.  Baker. 
Matthew  BairJ. 
Eihvanl  S.  Buckley. 
B.  H.  Bartol. 
John  nouU<Mi. 
Beiiient  &  Dougherty. 
Mrs    Thomas  .\.  Biddle. 
Francis  Blackburne,  Jr. 
Mrs.  Frederick  Brown,  Sr. 
Charlotte  .Aug'a  Brown. 
Mary  8.  Brown. 
Mark  Balderston. 
Thomas  A.  Boyd. 
Sydney  A.  Biddle. 
Arthur  Biddle. 
T.  Ilewson  Bradford,  M.D. 
Mrs.  \Vm.  A.  Blanchard. 
Maria  E.  Blanchard. 
Isabella  Brown. 
Alexander  P.  Brown. 
Clement  M.  Brown. 


Thomas  Cadwalader,  M.D. 
Joshua  Crosby,  gentleman. 
Thomas  Crosby. 
Samuel  Caruthers,  joiner. 
William  Chancellor.  M  D. 
James  Chattin,  printer. 
James  Child,  merchant. 
John  Church,  of  Wicaco. 
William  Campfler,  merchant. 
James  Clulo,  potter. 
Thomas  Clifford,  merchant. 
William  Coleman,  merchant. 
Jacob  Cooper. 
John  Cresson,  whitesmith. 
Matthias  Culp,  innkeeper. 
William  Cooper. 
John  Coates. 

David  Chambers,  stonecutter. 
John  Coates,  Jr.,  brickmaker. 
Thomas  Coates,  Jr.,  brickmaker. 
James  Coultas,  mariner. 
Corncord  Township  (Chester  Co.) 
Samuel  Cheesman,  shoemaker, 
^latthew  Clarkson. 
Benjamin  Chew,  Esq. 
Thomas  Carpenter. 
Redmond  Conyngham. 
Jonathan  Cowpland,  mariner. 
Charles  Coxe, 


82 


86 


87 


1799 
1800 
1801 

1803 
1806 


1807 


1809 


Samuel  Chancellor. 

William  Clifton,  smith. 

I'eter  (."hevallier. 

John  Correy. 

George  Clymer,  merchant. 

James  Chalmers,  of  Jamaica. 

Emanuel  Carpenter,  of  Lancaster 

Co. 
Daniel  Clark. 
John  Coxe,  M.D. 
Isaac  Coxe. 
William  Coxe,  Esq. 
Stephen  Collins. 
James  Cresson,  carpenter. 
William  Craig. 
Thomas  Cliflord. 
David  Hayfield  Conyngham. 
John  Cadwalader. 
Samuel  Coates. 
Joshua  Cresson,  merchant. 
Thomas  Combe. 
Thomas  Corbyn,  John  Brown,  and 

John  Beaumont,  of  London,  in 

medicine. 
Joseph  Crukshauk,  printer. 
Isaac  Coates. 
John  Clark. 
Tench  Coxe. 
Joseph  Copperthwaite. 
.Tosiah  Coates. 
William  Cox,  chairmaker. 
William  Coxe,  Jr.,  merchant. 
John  Chaloner. 
Samuel  Caldwell. 
Curtis  Clay. 
Samuel  Clark. 
James  Colbreath. 
Andrew  Caldwell. 
Samuel  Coates,  Jr. 
John  Reynell  Coates. 
Zaccheus  Collins,  merchant. 
Joseph  S.  Coates. 
Josiah  L.  Coates. 
Samuel  Cooper,  M.D. 
Charles  Caldwell,  M.D. 
John  Redmond  Coxe,  M.D. 
Rachael  Crukshank. 
James  Crukshank,  bookseller. 
Alexaniier  Cook,  soap-boiler. 
William  Chancellor. 
James  VV.  Clement,  merchant. 
Eli  Canby,  merchant. 
Andrew  Caldcleugh,  merchant  of 

N.  C. 
Lewis  Clapier,  merchant. 
Thomas  Clayton,  hatter. 
Nathaniel  Chapman,  M  D. 
Charles     Chauncy,    attorney-at- 

law. 
Thomas  P.  Cope,  merchant. 


123 


1810  Samuel  Calhoun,  M.D. 
1813  Jasper  Cope,  merchant. 

"      George  M.  Coates,  seedman. 

"      Thomas  Cadwalader. 
1815  Turner  Camac. 

"      Sarah  Camac. 
1817  Israel  Cope,  merchant. 

"      Caleb  Cresson. 

1819  llichard    P.    Cummings,    copper- 

smith. 
"      .John  Coulter,  merchant. 

1820  Benjamin  Horner  Coates,  M  D. 
1822  John  Cooke,  merchant. 

1826  J.  Y.  Clarke.  M.D. 
1881    Robert  A.  C.ildcleugh. 
1883  Caleb  Cope,  merchant. 
1838  Thomas  F.  Cock,  :\I.D. 
1840  Allen    Clapp,    steward    Penns^'l- 
vania  Hospital. 

"      Andrew  D.  Cash,  conveyancer. 
1845  Daniel  W.  Coxe. 

"      Edward  Coles. 

"      John  Curwen,  M.D. 

1847  Elliott  Cresson. 

"      William  Chancellor. 

1848  Robert  Coleman. 

1849  Joseph  Carson,  M.D. 
"       Henry  Cramond. 

1851  Charles  Conrad. 

1852  Jane  Clark. 
"      John  Conrad. 

"      William  Camac,  M.D. 
"      Solomon  Conrad. 
"      John  Canby. 

1854  Charles  S.  Coxe. 
''      I3rinton  Coxe. 

"      Alexander  B.  Coxe. 
"      Ecley  B.  Coxe. 
"      Henry  B.  Coxe. 
"      Charles  B.  Coxe. 

1855  Nathaniel  Chauncey. 
•'      John  P.  Crozier. 

"      Wharton  Chancellor. 

1856  Martin  Curren. 

"      George  Cadwalader. 

"      George  C.  Carson. 

"      Cochran  &  Russell. 

''      Alfred  (Jope. 

"      Samuel  .J.  Christian. 

"       Harriet  Coleman. 

"      Francis  R.  Cope. 

"       Thomas  P.  (Jope. 

"      William  Cummings. 

"      Henry  Cope. 

"      Aaron  B.  Cooley. 

"      Coffin  Colket. 

"      John  K.  Cope. 

"      Andrew  R.  Chambers. 

"      Henry  Croskey. 

"      Caldwell  &  English. 


1856  James  L.  Claghorn. 
"  Andrew  C.  Craig. 

"  Arthur  G.  CofiBn. 

"  John  C.  Cresson. 

"  Enoch  W.  Clark. 

"  Wm.  C.  Coats. 

"  S.  Wilmer  Connell. 

"  T.  K.  &  P.  G.  Collins. 

'•  Henry  C    Carey. 

"  William  Clark. 

"  Julius  K.  Clark. 

1 857  Joseph  Cresson. 
"  Hugh  Campbell. 
"  Cabeen  &  Co. 

"  Jay  Cooke. 

"  Jas.  R.  Campbell. 

"  Hagan  Carney. 

"  John  Cadwallader. 

"  Daniel  B.  Cummings. 

''  B.  B.  Comegys. 

"  Frederick  Collins. 

"  John  Cox. 

"  Wm.  Carpenter. 

"  Francis  Carpenter. 

"  Alexander  G.  Cattell. 

"  James  Cresson. 

"  Benjamin  T.  Curtis. 

"  Joseph  H.  Campion. 

"  Henry  Croskey  &  Co. 

"  Abraham  Coates. 

"  Charles  C.  Cresson. 

"  M.  H.  Cobb. 

"  Sarah  T.  Curtis. 

"  Wm.  B.  Cazenove. 

1858  Churchman,  Craig  &  Co. 
•'  Allen  Cuthhert. 

"  Franklin  A.  Comly. 

"  J.  K.   Collins. 

"  Samuel  Castner. 

"  Joseph  H.  (JoUins. 

"  James  VV.  Claghorn. 

"  George  Cromelieu. 

"  Joseph  R.  Chandler. 

"  H.  H.  Catherwood. 

"  Hannah  W.  Collins. 

"  Wm.  P.  Cresson. 

'•  Charles  H.  Cummings. 

''  Charles  Camblos. 

"  Edward  W.  Clark. 

1859  Benjamin  Coates. 
"  Stephen  Colwell. 

"  Mrs.  D.  M.  ('hambers. 

'•  Daniel  Corbit. 

"  Robert  Creighton. 

"  Carter  &  Scattergood. 

"  John  Clark. 

"  Eliza  G.  Cattell. 

"  Abigail  Cooper. 

"  Edward  S.  Coxe. 

"  G.  Dawson  Culeman. 


124 


1  S.j'.l 

Willinin  .1.  Ciiiior. 

Chillis  &   Peterson. 

•  • 

("iirwoii  Sto(ltl;irt  &  Dro. 

•• 

ClKules  II.  Chirk. 

" 

.Iiilin  Carter. 

" 

James  iv  Caldwell  &  Co. 

•  ' 

Miss  II.  Cooper. 

" 

^Irs.  Croz'er. 

18(i0 

Ephraim  Clark,  .Jr. 

" 

(\irnelius  &  IJaker. 

" 

Prudent  Castaninjor. 

" 

Archibald  Campbell. 

" 

John  Iv  Carter. 

'• 

Theo.  Ciiyler. 

" 

U.  C.  Cuminings. 

" 

Mrs.  J.  \V.  Cannell. 

1864 

Charles  W.  Ciiurchman. 

" 

E.  W.  Clark  &  Co. 

" 

Coffin  &  Altemus. 

i( 

Cabeen  &  Co. 

" 

Emlen  Cresson. 

" 

A.  W.  Cummings. 

'« 

Geo.  W.  Childs. 

1865 

Esther  L.  C'oper. 

" 

James  M.  Crossman. 

" 

Thomas  Oaven. 

" 

Samuel  F.  Canh3'. 

1866 

Hamilton  Creighton.  Esq 

" 

Robert  Coburn. 

1867 

Jay  Cooke  &  Co. 

" 

Franklin  A.  Comley.  Jr. 

" 

Cain,  Hacker  &  Cook. 

" 

VVm.  D.  Cope. 

" 

James  S.  Cox. 

" 

Elias  Cope. 

" 

Hetty  L.  Cooper. 

1868 

Clarence  H.  Clark. 

1869 

George  R.  Creely 

1870 

George  M.  Conarroe. 

" 

Edwin  R.  Cope. 

1871 

M.  J.  Coleman. 

" 

Jerome  Carter. 

1874 

St.  Geo.  T.  Campbell. 

D. 


17'>2  David  Deshler. 

17.54  William  Dowel!. 

"  Daniel  Dupu^',  silversmith. 

"  Andrew  Doz. 

"  Thomas  Davis,  merchant. 

"  .Jacob  Duchee,  Esq. 

"  Edward  Duffield,  watchmaker. 

1756  William  Dilworth,  carpenter. 
"  John  Drinker,  bricklayer. 

1757  David  Davis  (in  lumber). 

1758  Matthew  Drason. 

1759  Robert  Dixon,  innkeeper, 
"  Henry  Drinker. 


1 759 
1761 
1768 
1764 
1765 
1771 


177-2 
1778 
1782 
1785 

1786 

1787 
1793 
1791 
1795 

1796 
1798 
1801 
1805 
1807 

1808 
1809 
1818 
1815 
1816 
1827 
1838 

1844 

1840 
1852 

1855 
1856 


1857 


William  Denny. 

(Charles  Dingee. 

George  Dillwyn,  merchant. 

John  Dickenson,  Esq. 

William  Dickenson. 

Sliarpe  Delany,  druggist. 

Daniel  Drinker,  merc^hant. 

Samuel  Duffield,  M.D. 

Benedict  Dorsej',  grocer. 

Joseph  Dean. 

Henry  Diering,  of  Lancaster. 

Leonard  Dorse^'. 

William  Dawson. 

John  Donnaldson. 

AVillinm  Delany. 

John  David,  silversmith. 

John  Dorsey. 

Andrew  Douglas. 

Jonathan  Dawes. 

John  E>unlap,  printer. 

Abijah  Dawes. 

Robert  Dawson,  merchant. 

William  Dillwyn,  of  Great  Britain. 

William  P.  Dewees,  M.D. 

Florimond  Dusar,  merchant. 

John  Syng  Dorsey,  M.D. 

Samuel  F.  Dawes,  merchant. 

John  Dayton. 

Jacob  Downing. 

David  Jones  Davis,  M.D. 

Bernard  Dahlgren. 

Isaac  Davis,  tanner. 

Nathan  Dunn,  merchant. 

Mordecai  L.  Dawson,  brewer. 

William  H.  Dillingham,  attorney- 

at-law. 
James  Dundas. 
William  M.  Dawson. 
Joseph  Dingee. 
Alexander  J.  Derbyshire. 
Benj.  J.  Douglas. 
Joseph  H.  Dullas. 
Dallett  Brothers. 
Dawson  &  Hancock. 
Isaac  R.  Davis. 
Levi  Dickson. 
James  N.  Dickson. 
Sally  N.  Dickinson. 
Josiah  Dawson. 
Benj.  Davis. 
Ellwood  Davis. 
Gillies  Dallett. 
Henry  Duhring. 
Sophia  Donaldson. 
Elijah  Dallett. 
John  Devereus. 
Mrs.  Richard  C.  Dale. 
Charles  Dutilth. 
Ferdinand  J.  Dreer. 
Michael  Day. 


125 


1857 

James  C.  Donnell. 

1787 

John  Elliott,  druggist. 

i< 

William  A.  Drown. 

1796 

John  Elliott,  Jr.,  druggist. 

1858 

John  C.  Uavis. 

1798 

Samuel  Elam,  merchant  of  R.  1. 

« 

Dr.  James  C.  Darracb. 

" 

Robert  Elam,  merchant  of  G.  B. 

1859 

J.  Perot  Downiug. 

" 

Gervas  Elam,  merchant  of  G.  B. 

" 

Ilaward  W.  Driiyton. 

1800  Josiah  Evans,  plasterer. 

" 

John  A.  Dougherty. 

" 

Edward  Evans,  plasterer. 

" 

Charles  A.  Dougherty. 

1802 

Nathan  Eyre,  tailor. 

" 

William  H.  Dougherty. 

1803 

Hugh  Ely,  merchant. 

" 

William  Divine. 

1806 

Joseph  Bennett  Eves,  merchant. 

" 

P'lizabeth  Dawson. 

" 

Jonathan    Evans,    lumber    mer 

" 

Edward  M.  Davis,  Jr. 

chant. 

" 

William  Dill  worth. 

1807 

Charles  C.  Evans,  carpenter. 

" 

Stanton  Dorsey. 

1809 

Alexander  Elmslie,  merchant. 

" 

William  Dorsey. 

1810 

Ann  K.  Eyre. 

" 

Danforth,  Wright  &  Co. 

1813 

Maria  K.  Eyre. 

" 

Mrs.  Joseph  H.  Dulles. 

1822 

Samuel  Emlen,  M.D. 

ti 

H.  T.  Desilver. 

1826 

Governeur  Emerson,  M.D. 

" 

Wm.  Heyward  Drayton. 

1833 

Isaac  Elliott,  conveyancer. 

18  GO 

Tiiomas  Drake. 

" 

Charles  Evans,  M.D. 

" 

Miss  M.  Dixon. 

1840  Thomas  Evans,  apothecary. 

" 

Miss  S.  Dixon. 

1845 

Charles  Ellis,  apothecary. 

(( 

Mrs.  R.  C.  Dale. 

1847 

Adam  Eckfeldt. 

" 

Charles  Desilver. 

1850 

George  M.  Elkintou. 

" 

Mrs.  John  Dallett. 

1852 

William  Ellis. 

" 

Wm.  Dunlap. 

" 

Lindley  M.  Elton. 

1864 

John  Dobson. 

1855 

Joshua  P.  Eyre. 

" 

Mary  A.  Derbyshire. 

1856 

Thomas  Estlack. 

1865 

Anthony  .J.  Drexel. 

" 

Samael  W.  Earl. 

" 

Smedley  Darlington. 

" 

John  Eisenbray,  Jr. 

«' 

De  Haven  &  Brother. 

" 

Thomas  Earp. 

" 

J.  M.  DaCosta,  M.D. 

" 

Michael  Errickson. 

1867 

Henry  Disston. 

" 

Andrew  M.  East  wick. 

" 

Drexel  &  Co. 

" 

John  B.  Ellison  &  Sons. 

<i 

J.  Kussell  Dawson. 

<« 

Charles  Ellis  &  Co. 

1868 

Henry  K.  Dillard. 

«' 

Edward  Evans. 

" 

Wm.  A.  Drown,  Jr. 

n 

John  T.  Epplesheimer. 

1872 

Moses  A.  Dropsie. 

1857 

Joseph  H.  Evans. 
Rowland  0.  Evans. 
George  W.  Edwards. 

E. 

i( 

Robert  Ewing. 
Thomas  Earp,  Jr. 

1754 

George  Emlen,  Sr.,  brewer. 

" 

Evans  &  Watson. 

" 

Samuel  Emlen. 

1858 

Horace  Evans,  M.D. 

«« 

Jeremiah  Elfreth. 

" 

John  Evans. 

" 

Thomas  Ellis,  glazier. 

1859 

J.  Livingston  Erringer. 

'< 

Edward  Evans,  shoemaker. 

'• 

Wm.  Ebbs. 

1 755 

Joshua  Emlen. 

I860 

Jane  Evans. 

1756 

Jonathan  Evans. 

" 

R.  and  M.  Ely. 

1758 

Robert  Erwin. 

" 

William  Evans,  Jr. 

" 

James  Eddy. 

(1 

Mrs.  John  II.  Irwin. 

1761 

Andrew  Elliott. 

1864  John  Eisenbery  &  Sons. 

1766 

'I'homas  Eastburn. 

" 

J.  Wistar  Evans. 

1771 

John  Evans,  halter. 

" 

Adam  Evcrly. 

1773 

Joel  Evans. 

1865 

Joiin  Elliott. 

1781 

George  Emlen,  Jr. 

" 

Lucy  11.  Eildy. 

1785 

Thomas  Ewing. 

i( 

William  lillnisley. 

" 

I'aul  Engle. 

>< 

Rebecca  Elnisley. 

1786 

George  Eddy. 

i( 

Ann  Elmslcy. 

1787 

Thomas  Eddy. 

" 

Elizabeth  Elmsby. 

12G 


18f)6  Thomus  Karle. 
1870  Cli;»rlos  Kviuis. 
1873  Mary  L    Krwiii. 
1870  John  Kmbley. 


1751  Williiim  Fislibourne. 
"      Joshua  Fisher. 

"      Enoch  Flowers. 

"      Joseph  Fox. 

"      Benj.-unin  Franklin,  printer. 

1752  Richartl  Farmer,  M.D 

■'•      Solomon  Fussel,  merchant. 

1754  Hugh  Forbes. 

"     William  Franklin. 
"      William  Fisher. 

1755  Standisli  Ford,  innkeeper. 
"      U.ivid  Franks. 

1756  Plunket  Fleeson. 

1758  Judah  Foulke. 
"  Samuel  Fisher. 
"       Lester  Falkuer. 

1759  John  Franks. 

1764  Ferdinand  Farmer. 
"      Robert  Field. 

1765  John  Fothergill,  M.D. 
1768  Thomas  Fisher. 

"      Captain  Nathaniel  Falconer. 

1770  Caleb  Foulke. 

1771  Samuel  Fisher,  Jr. 

1772  Thomas  Forrest. 

"      William  Fisher,  Jr. 
"      John  Field,  merchant. 

1775  Samuel  Fisher,  hatter. 

1776  Ludwig  Falkenstine. 
1782  William  Forbes. 

1784  John  Foulke,  M  D. 

1785  Miers  Fisher. 

1786  William  Folwell. 
"      George  Fox. 

"     Nalbro  Frazer. 

"      Joseph  Few. 
1794  Samuel  M.  Fox,  merchant. 
1796  James  C.  Fisher,  merchant. 

1801  John  Folwell,  merchant. 

"      Samuel  W.  Fisher,  merchant. 

1802  Walter  Franklin,  attorney-at-law 

1807  Thomas  W.  Francis,  merchant. 

1808  Redwood  Fisher,  merchant. 
1811  Robert  Fielding,  coachmaker. 
1819  Samuel  Fox,  brickmaker. 
1824  William  W.  Fisher. 

1826  Samuel  M.  Fox,  M.D. 
1829  William  B.  Fling. 

1833  Stephen  G.  Fotterall. 

1834  Alexander  Fullerton,  Jr.,  drug- 

gist. 

1835  George  Fox,  M.D. 


1844  Samuel  T.  Fisher. 

1845  John  Farmim,  merchant. 
"  .Mary  1'.  Fisher. 

1848  Frederick  Fraley. 
1852  Aaron  Fogg. 

"  W    S.  Forbes,  M.D. 

1855  Joseph  Fisher. 
"  Alfred  Fassett. 

"  Jason  L.  Fennimore. 

1856  George  W.  Farnuiu. 

"  Biirtholoniew  Wistar  Fellows. 

"  Fearons  &  Smith. 

"  Charles  Henry  Fisher. 

"  John  Fallon. 

"  Christopher  Fallon. 

"  F.  T.  Fiqueira. 

"  .  Field  &  Keehmle. 

"  Fales,  Lothrop  &  Co. 

"  David  Faust. 

"  J.  Gillingham  Fell. 

"  Rodney  Fisher. 

"  John  C.  Farr. 

"  Alexander  Fullerton. 

1857  Charles  1'.  Fox. 
"  Franklin  Fell. 

"  William  B.  Foster. 

"  George  W.  Fobes. 

"  Stephen  Fuquet. 

"  B.  A.  Fahnestock. 

"  James  Field. 

'♦  Henry  Flin<i. 

"  William  Fling  (Mcht.). 

"  Mrs.  William  Fling. 

"  J.  Francis  Fisher. 

"  Mary  P.  Fisher. 

"  George  AV.  Farnura. 

1858  Field  &  Hardie. 
"  John  M.Ford. 

"  Furness,  Brinley  &  Co. 

"  Charles  S.  Folwell. 

1859  H.  N.  Fitzgerald. 

"  B.  B.  Fahnestock  &  Co. 

"  Frederick  Fairthorn. 

"  French,  Richards  &  Co. 

"  Jacob  Freas. 

"  A.  J.  Flomerfelt. 

"  Fithian,  Jones  &  Co. 

"  Eliza  G.  Fisher. 

"  Ellen  Fisher. 

1860  William  B.  Foster,  Jr. 

"  jMrs.  G.  W.  Fahnestock. 

"  Thomas  Firth. 

"  Miss  Mary  Fox. 

"  Wm.  H.  French. 

"  Mrs.  and  Miss  W.  W.  Fisher. 

"  Elizabeth  H.  Farnum. 

"  Susan  Farnum. 

"  Mary  Farnum. 

1864  Frothingham  &  Wells. 

1865  Charles  A.  Farnham. 


127 


1865 

Rebecca  Ann  Fell. 

1817 

.John  R.  Griffiths,  slater. 

" 

Fricken  &  Williams. 

1818 

James  R.  Greeves,  carpenter. 

1867 

George  Fales. 

" 

Samuel  Griscom. 

" 

Samuel  M.  Fox. 

1821 

AVilliam  Gibson,  M.D. 

" 

John  Fngan. 

1885 

William  W.  Gerhard,  M.D. 

" 

Filler,  Weaver  &  Co. 

1836 

Thomas  George,  iron  merchant. 

" 

Fara  &  Brothers. 

1842 

Benjamin   Gerhard,  attorney-at 

" 

S.  &  J.  M.  Flanagan. 

law. 

" 

John  W.  Forney. 

1852 

James  Galiiard. 

i< 

Charles  J.  Fields. 

" 

Thomas  Greeves. 

1876 

Eliza  Freeman. 

1853 

George  Gordon. 
Charles  Gibbons. 

6. 

1855 

Henry  Grove. 
Eliza  P.  Gurney. 

]751 

Thomas  Grseme,  M.D. 

" 

Robert  E.  Gray. 

" 

Isaac  Greenleafe. 

" 

Rebecca  Gumbes. 

" 

William  Griffiths. 

1856 

Grove  &  Brother. 

1754 

George  Gray,  brewer. 

" 

William  E.  Garrett. 

" 

William  Grant. 

" 

William  Glading. 

" 

Joseph  Galloway. 

(( 

William  D.  Gillespie. 

'< 

Isaac  Garrigues. 

" 

John  Gibson. 

" 

Joseph  Gibbons. 

(1 

John  Grigg. 

" 

Walter  Goodman. 

" 

Samuel  Grant,  Jr. 

" 

Thomas  Gordon. 

" 

L.  W.  Glenn. 

" 

Christian  Grassheld,  tailor. 

" 

Edward  Garrett. 

" 

Joseph  Greenway. 

" 

Henry  R.  Gilbert. 

1755 

Joseph  Gray. 

1857 

John  Garrison. 

" 

Nathaniel  Grubb. 

<( 

Greiner  &  Harkness. 

" 

David  George. 

" 

Jnne  Gibbous. 

" 

Joseph  Gamble,  of  P.arbadoes. 

" 

Eliza  Ann  Graff. 

" 

George  Gray,  Jr.,  Lower  Ferry. 

" 

Gans,  Leberman  &  Co. 

1757 

Sebastian  Graff. 

" 

Isaac  P.  Garrett. 

«' 

John  Goodwin,  Jr. 

" 

.lohn  R.  Gheen. 

1761 

John  Grandom,  tailor. 

'< 

Francis  R.  Gatchel. 

(( 

•John  Gibson. 

" 

Jesse  George. 

1762 

Lawrence  Growdon,  Esq. 

1858 

John  Gilbert  &  Co. 

«« 

William  Gibbons. 

" 

Henry  D.  Gilpin. 

1763  Jacob  Graff,  bricklaj-er. 

" 

William  Gaul. 

1865 

Lord  Adam  Gordon. 

" 

John  Gibson,  Son  &  Co. 

" 

Andrew  Henry  Grotli. 

" 

T.  L.  Gillespie. 

1769 

William  Gale,  of  Jamaica. 

1859 

G.  W.  Gorgas. 

<« 

Henry  Hale  Graham,  of  Chester 

" 

David  George. 

Co. 

" 

Abraham  Gibbons. 

1770 

James  Glenn. 

" 

James  Graham  &  Co. 

1788 

Samuel  Garrigues,  Jr. 

" 

Eliza  Gilpin. 

1786 

Stephen  Girard. 

" 

Rebecca  George. 

1788 

Samuel  P.  Griffitts,  M.D. 

" 

William  F.  Griffiths. 

1790 

Benjamin  Gibbs. 

" 

Edwin  Greble. 

1795 

Thomas  Greeves,  merchant. 

" 

Elizabeth  Greeves. 

1790 

Francis  Gurtiey.  merchant. 

1 860 

Robert  II.  Gratz. 

" 

Josiah  WiUard  Gibbs 

1865 

V.  &.  J.  F.  Gilpin. 

" 

Thomas  George,  of  IJlockley. 

" 

Rebecca  Gratz. 

" 

Edward  Garrigues,  carpenter. 

1866 

Mary  Gilbert. 

1801 

Peter  Grellet,  merchant 

1867 

Gaw,  Bflcon  &  Co. 

1806 

Abraham    i\I.    Garrigues,     mer- 

" 

Walter  Garrett. 

chant. 

«' 

William  E.  Garrett,  Jr. 

1807 

William  Gerhard,  farrier. 

" 

Louis  A.  Godey. 

1812 

Thomas  Gilfiin. 

<< 

Rebecca  (libson. 

" 

Joshua  Gilpin. 

1870 

E.  15.  Gardctte. 

1815 

Simon  Gratz,  merchant. 

" 

John  F.  Gilpin. 

128 


11. 

1772 
1775 

ITol 

Diiviil  Flrtll. 
Ail.im  H.uker. 

<, 

" 

.Vieiit  llasMMt. 

1781 

" 

Joslui:i   llowi'll. 

" 

" 

John  lliiglies. 

1782 

17o2 

Siuniu'l  llnzirJ,  merchant. 

1783 

1754 

Edward  Hicks. 

" 

'• 

Charles  Harrison. 

1785 

" 

AHchuel  Hillejias,  merchant. 

" 

" 

George  Hitner,  shopkeeper. 

" 

" 

Enoch  Holiart. 

" 

" 

Thomns  Holland,  merchant. 

" 

Michael  Holling,  baker. 

1786 

Samuel  Howell,  merchant. 

" 

William  Hudson,  farmer. 

" 

1  Too 

John  Ilatkinson. 
Hufih  Hewe.«. 

1787 

175G 

William  Hopkins. 

" 

" 

Thomas  Hallowell,  bricklayer. 

1793 

" 

Joseph  Hillborn,  merchant. 

1795 

" 

Charles  IHiniplueys. 

1796 

1757 

Joshua  Humphreys  (in  lumber). 

" 

" 

Eleanor  Hair. 

1797 

1758 

John  Head. 

1798 

" 

Samuel  House,  merchant. 

1800 

«' 

Eden  Haydock,  plumber. 

1801 

" 

Josiah  Hewes. 

>' 

1759 

James  Hamilton,  Governor. 

1803 

•  ' 

Benjamin  Hooton. 

1P06 

" 

Robert  Hamilton,  of  Manchester, 

" 

Eng. 

1807 

" 

James  Humphreys. 

" 

" 

Henry  Harrison. 

1760 

William  Henderson. 

1810 

1761 

Andrew  Hannis. 

" 

" 

Roger  Hunt,  Esq. 

1811 

" 

Jonathan  Harbine. 

" 

1762 

John  Hunt. 

" 

•' 

Adam  Hoops. 

1812 

" 

Richard  Hookley. 

1821 

" 

John  Hannum,  Esq. 

1822 

" 

Abraham  Hendrick. 

" 

" 

Reuben  Haines,  brewer. 

1827 

1764 

Benjamin  Hammet,  Loudon. 
Henry  Hill. 

1828 

n 

1765  John  Howard. 

" 

t( 

Amos  Hillborn. 

1829 

«' 

Samuel  Hudson,  merchant. 

" 

1766 

George  Halneker. 

1831 

1768 

William  Hoffman,  sugar-baker. 
Isaac  Howell,  brewer. 

" 

" 

Francis  Hopkinson. 

1834 

t< 

James  Hunter,  merchant. 

" 

1769 

Benjamin      Harbeson,      copper- 

" 

smith. 

1 835 

" 

Jacob  Harman. 

1836 

1771 

Adam  Hubley. 
Thomas  Harpur. 

'* 

Samuel  Howell,  Jr. 

James  Hartley. 

William  Hall. 

Captain  Robert  Hardie. 

Israel  Hallowell. 

John  Hood. 

John  Hublej'. 

Hugh  Howell. 

Robert  Haydock. 

John  Head,  Jr. 

Samuel  Hodgdon. 

Godfrey   Haga,  merchant. 

Rattison  Hartshorne,  merchant. 

Levi  Hollingsworth. 

Caspar  Wistar  Haines. 

John  Hart. 

Richard  Hartshorne. 

Goorge  Hunter,  M.D. 

Isaac  ILizlehurst. 

Joseph  Henszey. 

Jacob  Hiltzheimer. 

Anna  Head  (Stewardson). 

Catharine  Haines. 

Isaac  Harvej',  Jr.,  merchant. 

Paschal    Hollingsworth,  merch't. 

Francis  Higgins,  Steward  of  P.  H. 

James   Hutton,  ironmonger. 

Adam  Herkness,  stonecutter. 

Thomas  T.  Hewson,  M.D. 

Benjamin  Horner,  mei'chant. 

Henry   Hollingsworth,  merchant. 

Reuben  Haines. 

Joseph  E.  Howell. 

Philip  Whitfield  Harvey,  of  Dub- 
lin, printer. 

Thomas  Haskins,  merchant. 

Robert  E.  Hobart. 

Joseph   Hartshorne,  M.D. 

Benjamin  B.  Howell. 

Talbot  Haiiiilton. 

Joseph  P.  Horner. 

Samuel  Haydock,  plumber. 

William  L.  Hodge,  merch.ant. 

Rowland  Parry  Heylin,  M.D. 

Hugh  L.  Hodge,  M  D. 

Erskine  Hazard. 

Joshua  Haven. 

Thomas  Harris,  M.D. 

Robert  M.  Huston,  M.D. 

George  Harrison. 

William  E.  Horner,  M.D. 

George  Handy,  hardware  mer- 
chant. 

Hugh  F.  Hollingshead. 

James  Hutchinson. 

Richard  Harlan,  M.D. 

John  Haseltine. 

Thomas  Hutchinson. 

John  G.  Hoskins. 

William  Harris,  M.D. 


129 


1841 

Joseph  C.  Harris,  broker. 

1858 

1843 

Edward  llartshorne,  M.U. 

" 

1845 

Robert  P.  Harris,  M.D. 
William  Heinbel. 
J.  Pemberton  Hutchinson. 
William  E.  Hacker,  merchant. 
I.saiah  [lacker,  merchant. 

" 

" 

Jeremiah  Hacker,  merchant. 

1859 

" 

William  R.  Hanson. 

i( 

1846 

A.  FuUerton  Hazard,  druggist. 
Jolin  Hinkle,  butcher. 

u 

1852 

Wm.  D.  Hunt,  M.D. 
John  Harding,  Jr. 

(1 

1855 

Wra.  P.  Hinds. 

'< 

1856 

Josiah  L.  Harvey. 
Henry  Hartshorne,  M.D. 
Heron  &  Martin. 
A.  Douglass  Hall,  M.D. 
Hildeburne  &  Bros. 
Charles  Humphries. 

t( 

" 

James  C.  Hand. 

1860 

<( 

Arthur  H.  Howell. 

t( 

" 

Joseph  Howell. 

" 

" 

William  11.  Hart. 

t( 

" 

Benj.  P.  Hutchinson. 

" 

" 

George  L.  Harrison. 

18G3 

" 

Edward  M.  Hopkins. 

" 

" 

Henry  EI.  Houston. 

1864 

" 

Daniel  B.  Hinman. 

" 

" 

Hoskins,  Heiskell  &  Co. 

" 

•' 

Aaron  A.  Hurley. 

'< 

(1 

Haywood,  per  Hawkins. 
Mary  Hibbard. 
William  Hay. 
?4rs.  W.  E.  Hornor. 
Abraham  Hart. 

1865 
ti 

(( 

1857 

Herman  Haupt. 

Morris  L.  Hallowell  &  Co. 

(( 

«< 

Marshall  Hill. 

1866 

" 

Philip  R.  Howard. 

" 

" 

Ann  Harris. 

1867 

'« 

G.  Craig  Heberton,  M.D. 

" 

'• 

S.  K.  Hoxie. 

" 

" 

Thomas  P.  Hoopes. 

" 

" 

Isaac  T.  Hacker. 

" 

" 

Samuel  Huston. 

" 

" 

William  S.  Hausell. 

" 

•< 
(1 

S.  P.  Hancock. 
William  Howell. 
George  Howell. 

I 

John  A.  Howell. 
George  Henderson. 
N.  P.  &  S.  W.  Hacker. 
Robert  Ifansell. 
May  Humphries. 
Alexander  K    Horn. 

(I 

11 
li 
11 

1858 

Ilaibert  &  Davis. 
William  C.  Houston. 
James  Harmer. 
Howard  &  Co. 

9 

1868 

A.  W.  Harrison. 
W.  J.  Horstman. 
Lewis  Hayward. 
Silas  F.  Herring. 
Joseph  Htirrison,  Jr. 
W.  S.  Helmuth,  M.D. 
George  Helmuth. 
Addinell  Hewson,  M.D. 
Edward  Hopper. 
Alfred  M.  Harkness. 
Curtis  Hoopes. 
Christian  J.  HofiFman. 
Jules  Hauel. 
Geo.  W.  Harris. 
Heilwan  &  Rank. 
John  Plulme. 
Mrs.  W.  Helmuth. 
Charles  H.  Hutchinson. 
Margaret  J.  Handy. 
Dr.  Jas.  H.  Hutchinson. 
William  Hopper. 
Mrs.  M.  A.  Hodgson. 
James  Harper. 
Morris  L.  Hallowell. 
Mrs.  Geo.  L.  Harrison. 
George  R.  Harmstead. 
Samuel  Hutchinson. 
Spencer  H.  Hazard. 
Hoopes  &  Townsend. 
Joseph  Howell  &  Co. 
T.  C.  Henry  &  Co. 
Daniel  Hendrie. 
Morris  Haclcer. 
William  Hacker. 
Paschall  Hacker. 
J.  Barclay  Hacker. 
T.  G.  Hollingsworth,  Ex'rs  of. 
Henry  Haines. 
Jane  R.  Haines. 
Anton  Heppman. 
Hammitt  cSi  Neal. 
Hoyt  &  Brother. 
James  C.  Hand  &  Co. 
Margaretta  Hutchinson. 
Emlen  Hulchinsoii. 
William  Harmer. 
Homer,  Colladay  &  Co. 
Dr.  Henry  C.  Hart. 
Marshall  Henzey. 
Edwin  Henderson. 
Julia  Harvey. 
Barnabas  Hammitt. 
Howell  Brothers. 
James  G.   ilardie. 
Wm.  P.  &  Geo.  W.  Hacker. 
Madame  Hardy. 
Mrs.  E.  Hayward. 
Houston  &  Collins. 
I  J.  Henry  Henlz. 
W.  II.  liorstmau  &  Sons. 


130 


18G0  Ann  TTcrtzoji. 

"       Mrtsscy  Huston. 

"      Alfred  Hunt. 
1870  Elizabeth  M.  Hacker. 

"      Hannah  M.  Hacker. 

"      George  0.  Harlan,  M.D. 
H.  Lenox  Hodge.  M.l>. 

1872  George  W.  Hainmersle}'. 

1873  .Taraes  Hopkins. 

1874  Chns.  T.  Hunter. 

187(?  Dr.  Willianj  Barton  Hopkins. 


I  &  J. 

1751  Derrick  Janson. 
"      Cliarles  Jones. 
"      Abel  James. 

"      Isaac  Jones,  Esq. 

1752  Robert  Jenney,  LL.D.,  ^Minister 

of  Christ  Church. 
"      Matthew  Johns,  cooper. 

1754  John  Jones,  shoemaker. 

"      Robert  Jones,  of  Lower  Marion. 
"      Joseph  Johnson,  tinman. 

1755  Joseph  James. 

"  Joseph  Jackman,  of  Birbadoe.s. 

1759  William  Jones. 

"  Joseph  Jones,  of  Plymouth. 

"  William  Ibison. 

1761  Captain  Daniel  Joy. 

•'      Edward  Jones,  baker. 
"      Abraham  Jadah. 

1762  Jacob  Jones,  baker. 
1765  Joseph  Jacobs. 

"      John  Jekyll. 
1768  Jacob  Joner.  of  Lancaster  Co. 

"      Richard  Jackson,  Esq.,   of  Lon- 
don. 
1770  Isaac  Jones,  carpenter. 

1773  Robert  Strettel  Jones. 

1 774  John  James. 

1775  Owen  Jones,  Jr.,  merchant. 

1776  William  Johnson. 
1779  Matthew  Irwin. 

1784  Herbert  Jones. 

1785  Ezra  Jones. 

1786  Leonard  Jacoby. 
"      Norris  Jones. 

1787  Dominick  Joyce. 

•'       David  Jackson,  M.D. 
'•       Richard  Jones. 

1788  John  Johnson,  of  Germantown. 

1794  John  Jorden,  grocer. 

1795  Jonathan  Jones,  merchant. 
1801    Isaac  H.  Jackson,  merchant. 
1803  Thomas  Jones,  merchant. 

"      James  Jones,  farmer. 
1807  Thomas  C.  James,  M.D. 
1809  Joseph  Jones. 


1813 
1817 
1819 

1820 

1822 
1826 
1831 
1841 
1844 
1846 
1847 

1848 
1852 
1855 


1856 


1857 


1858 


1859 


1860 
1861 

1864 


Joseph  .Johnson,  ship  chandler. 

Joseph  L.  Ingles. 

Isaac  C.  Jones,  merchant. 

Samuel  T.  Jones. 

George  W.  Jones,  painter. 

Jonathan  Jones,  of  Bordeaux. 

Alexander  W.  Johnston. 

Joseph  H,  Jenks,  flour  merchant. 

George  M.  Justice. 

William  P.  Johnston,  ^\.D. 

Watson  Jenks,  flour  merchant. 

John  Jordan,  Jr.,  grocer. 

Caleb  Jones. 

Antoinette  Jordan. 

David  Jayne,  .M.D.,  druggist. 

Samuel  Jeans. 

James  R.  Ingersol. 

Joshua  T.  Jeans. 

Robert  S.  Johnson. 
William  D.  Jones. 
Jno.  0.  James. 
Samuel  W.  Jones. 
Lawrence  Johnson. 
John  Jordon,  Jr. 
Joseph  Jones. 

Benjamin  S.  Janney,  M  D. 
John  H.  Irwin. 
Jeans  &  Scattergood. 
Samuel  N.  Jones. 
Jauretche  &  Carstairs. 
Louis  lungerich. 
Joseph  R.  Ingersoll. 

George  R.  Justice. 

Thomas  Jeans. 

Israel  H.  Johnson. 

Joseph  Jeans. 
Lewis  Jans. 

Jacob  P.  Jones. 

Andrew  M.  Jones. 
Alfred  D.  Jessup. 

Chas.  C.   Jackson. 

Thomas  C.  James. 

James,  Jeffries  &  Co. 

.Tames,  Kent  &  Santee. 

Mrs.  Joseph  Jones. 

Mrs.  A.  D.  Jessup. 

Frederick  L.  John. 

Ruth  Johnson. 

Chalkley  Jeffries. 

B.  Muse  Jones. 

Eben  C.  Jayne. 

David  W.  Jayne. 

Mrs.  Samuel  W.  Jones. 

Charles  M.  Jackson. 

Mrs.  B.  Muse  Jones. 

Samuel  Johnson. 

Randolph  &  Jenks. 

Philip  S.  Justice. 

Isaac  T.  Jones. 

Jay  Cooke  &  Co. 


131 


1864  Wm.  P.  Jenks. 
18(55  Samuel  Jones. 

"      Mrs.  Edward  C.  lungerich. 

"      S.  Harvey  Jones. 

"      Eliza  F.  Johnson. 

1866  Lewis  C.  lungerich. 

1867  Sidney  G.  Johns. 

"      Isaac  C.  Jones,  Jr. 
"      John  H.  Irwin. 
"      Owen  Jones. 

1868  John  W.  Jordon. 
186'J  Napoleon  A.  Jennings. 
1870  Ewing  Jordon. 

"      Charles  Ingersoll. 
"      Russell  H.  Johnson. 


K. 


1751  Joseph  King. 
"       Matthias  Koplin. 

1754  Peter  Keen,  merchant. 
"      Mahlon  Kirkbride. 

"      Paulus  Kripner,  shopkeeper. 

"      Marcus  Kuhl. 

"      Edward  Kuhl. 

"      Matthias  Kensil,  inkeeper. 

1755  John  Kearsley,  M.D. 

"      John  Knowles  (in  lumber). 

1756  Edmund  Kearney. 
1750  Benjamin  Kendal. 

1761  Henry  Kepple,  merchant. 
"       Philip  Kinsey. 

1762  George  Kreeble. 

1769  Reynold  Keen,  alderman. 

1770  Adam  Kuhn,  M.D. 
1786  John  Kaighn. 

"      Peter  Knight. 

"      Frederick  Kuhl. 
1798  George  Krebs. 
1801   Frederick  Kisselman,  merchant. 

"      Reay  King,  merchant. 
1807  Elisha  Kane,  merchant. 
1814   Edmund  Kimber. 
1818   Hartman  Kuhn. 
1821   John  Kenworthy,  painter. 
1835  Thomas  S.  Kirkbride,  M.U. 
1841   Thomas  Kimber,  merchatit. 

1855  Hartman  Kuhn. 
"      William  C.  Kent. 

1856  Ed.  C.  Knight. 

"      Thomas  Kimber,  Jr. 
"      Frederick  V.  Krug. 
*'      David  Kirkpatiick. 
''      William  Kirkham. 
''      Dennis  Kelley. 
"      II.  Kellogg  &  Sons. 

1857  Edwin  T.  Kirpatrick. 
"      John  Kirkbride. 

"       liowlaud  Kirpatrick. 


1857  Robert  Kelton. 
"      Willinm  Kirk. 
"      Isaac  Koons. 

1858  Charles  Koons. 

"      Ann  W.  Kirkbride.       ^ 
"      Anne  J.  Kirkbride. 
''      Jos.  John  Kirkbride. 
"      Josiah  Kisterbock. 
"      Reeve  L.  Knight. 

1859  Kirkpatrick,  De  Haven  &  Co. 
"      Charles  Kelly. 

"       Elizabeth   Kirkbride. 
"      John  Ketchum. 
"      Catharine  Klingman. 
"      Ann  M.  Knight. 
1864  Alfred  J.  Kay. 

1866  Edwin  Kirkpatrick. 

1867  Wm.  H.  Kirpatrick. 

"      Adam  A.  Konigmacher. 
"       Lizzie  1>.  Kirkbride. 
"      Charles  M.  King,  M.D. 


1751  Thomas  Lightfoot. 

"      Thomas  Lawrence,  Jr. 
"      Joseph  Leech. 
"      Jacob  Lewis. 

1752  Joseph  Lownes. 

"      Benjamin  Loxley,  carpenter   (in 
VFork). 

1754  William  Logan. 

1755  John  Luke,  of  Barbadoes. 

1756  James  Lownes. 
"      John  Lynn. 

"       Philip  Ludwell,  of  Virginia. 

1757  Benjamin  Lay. 

1758  William  Lightfoot. 

1759  Jeptha  Lewis,  of  Gwynedd. 
•'      Samuel  Lloyd,  merchant. 

1760  Samuel  Lewis,  carpenter. 

1761  Thomas  Livezey,  Jr. 

"      John  Lukens,  Surveyor-General. 
"      Thomas  Leech. 

1763  John  Lownes. 

1764  Joseph  Lancaster,  joiner. 

1765  William  Lloyd. 

1766  Christopher  Ludwick,  baker. 

"      Oeoigh   Legh,  Vicar  of  Halifax, 
G.  B. 

1770  Ellis  Lewis. 

1771  Captain  Charles  Lyon. 
1775   Mordecai  Lewis. 
1780  (Jeorge  Logan,  M.D. 

1785  Thomas  Lieper. 
"      George  Ludlam. 

1786  Abraham  Liddon. 
"       Ebenezer  Large. 
"      Natlianiel  Lewis. 


132 


1786  Willii^m  Lowis,  merchant. 

"  Willimu  I,ewis,  n(torney-ivt-law. 

17S7  llonrv  Linul,  M.D.  (iiieiiicincs). 

171>1  Roboi-t  Lowis. 

179-  William  Lucas. 

1701  Josepli  Lownes,  silversmitli. 

"  Sotli  liiicvs. 

170r>  Daviil  l.,iMvis,  insurance  broker. 

17".H)  Moses  Levy,  nttorney-at-law. 

170'.t  Joseph  S.  Lewis. 

180'2  Reeve  Lewis,  merchant. 

"  DaviJ  Lee. 

180G  Alordecai  Lewis,  Jr.,  merchant. 

"  Samuel  Neave  Lewis,  merchant. 

1810  Joseph  Lea. 

1812  Hannah  Lewi?,  .Jr.  (Paul). 

"  Mary  Lewis  (Moore). 

1816  Mahlon  Lawrence. 

"  Josiah  H.  Lownes. 

1819  Joshua  Lippincott,  auctioneer. 

1820  James  Lyie. 

1826  llen^  La  Roche,  M.D. 

1828  Lawrence  Lewis. 

1829  Charles  Lnkens,  M.D. 

1831  William  Lynch,  merchant. 

1832  James  Leslie,  carpenter. 
"  Robert  Looney,  plumber. 
"  Isaac  S.   Lloyd,  merchant. 

1833  Mordecai  D.  Lewis,  merchant. 
1840  John  T.  Lewis,  merchant. 

1843  Saunders     Lewis,      attorney-at- 

law. 

1844  George  T.  Lewis. 

1845  Lyon  J.  Levy,  silk  merchant. 
"  J.  Smith  Lewis. 

"  Joseph  S.  Lewis. 

1848  William  R.  Lejee. 

"  Robert  M.  Lewis. 

1851  Lawrence  Lewis,  Jr. 
"  Robert  M.  Lewis,  Jr. 

"  Francis  W.  Lewis,  M.D. 

"  David  Lapsley. 

1852  Isaac  Lea. 

"  Francis  Albert  Lewis. 

"  Daniel  A.  Langhorne,  M.D. 

"  Robert  M.  Lewis. 

1853  Samuel  N.  Lewis,  Jr. 

1854  James  Dundas  Lippincott. 
1856  James  J.  Levick,  M.D. 

"  Benj.  I.  Leedom. 

"  William  W.  Longstreth. 

"  Joseph  S.  Lovering. 

"  Ludwig,  Kneedler  &  Co. 

"  P.  L   Laguerenne. 

"  William  T.  Lowber. 

"  Lindsay  &  Blackiston. 

"  Jacob  B.  Lancaster. 

"  Casper  P.  Lukens,  M.D. 

"  Leaury  &  Sister. 


1850  Charles  S.  Lewis. 
"      George  r.,owis. 

1857  Edward  Lowber. 
"       Martha  11    Lewis. 
'•      Edwin  M.  Lewis. 
"      Abel  Lincoln. 

"      Charles  Leland. 

"      Anna  M.  Lewis. 

"      Edward  E    Law. 

"      George  Lippincott. 

"      Joshua  Longstreth. 

"      Joseph  B.  Laps'ey. 

"      Maria  D.  Logan. 

"      Mary  Anna  Longstreth. 

"      Levick,  Raisin  &  Co. 

"       Lightfoot  &  Walton. 

1858  James  M.  Linnard. 
"      Henry  C.  Lea. 

"      Frederick  Leibrandt. 
"      J.  B.  Lippincott  &  Co. 
"      R.  F.  Loper. 

1859  Francis  S.  Lewis. 
"      John  Lindsay. 

"      John  Lambert. 

"       David  Landreth. 

"      Lippincott  &  Parry. 

"      James  Long. 

"      Sarah  M.  Livezey. 

"      Mrs.  Edward  Law. 

1860  Miss  Mary  Lewis. 

"      Miss  Elizabeth  W.  Lewis. 
"      Miss  Sarah  Lewis. 
"       Anna  W.  Lapsley. 
"      Frederick  Lenuig, 
"      F.  Mortiuier  Lewis. 
"      Lewis  Tiiompson  &  Co. 
"      Miss  A.  Leamig. 
"      Miss  A.  M.  Lewis. 

1863  Joseph  Lea. 

"      David  Oldham  Lewis. 
"      Edward  Livezey,  M.D. 

1864  Henry  Lawrence. 

"      John  T.  Lewis  &  Bros. 
"      John  Livezey. 
"      Henry  Lewis. 

1865  Mrs.  Lawrence  Lewis. 
"      William  H.  Earned. 

"      Elizabeth  W.  Lewis. 
"      J.  Fisher  Leaming. 
1867  D.  Landreth  &  Co. 
"      Charles  Lennig. 
"      John  B.  Love. 
"      Thomas  C  Love. 
"      William  T.  Leech. 
"      Charles  E    Lex. 

1870  John  T.  Lewis,  Jr. 

1871  Dr.  Richard  J.  Levis. 
1873  Morris  J.  Lewis. 
1875  David  M.  Lutz. 


133 


M. 


1751 

Anthony  Morris,  brewer. 

" 

Anthony  Morris,  Jr. 

" 

Jonathan  INIifflin,  merchant. 

" 

Robert  Moore. 

.. 

George  Mifflin. 
Samuel  Mifflin. 

" 

Wright  Masscy. 
William  Moode, 

" 

Evan  Morgan, 

" 

Samuel  Mifflin,  of  New  Jersey 

" 

Joseph  Morris. 
Rees  Meredith. 

" 

John  Mifflin. 

1752 

Samuel  Preston  Moore. 

" 

John  Mease. 

1754 

William  Masters. 

•  ' 

William  Moore. 

" 

Thomas  Maddox. 

<' 

Joshua  Morris,  of  x^bington. 

(I 

Christopher  IMarshall. 

" 

Hugh  Matthews. 

i< 

Leonard  Melchior,  shopkeeper 
Charles  Meredith. 

.< 

Benjamin  Mifflin. 
John  Mifflin,  Jr. 

" 

George  Miller. 

" 

Charles  Moore,  hatter. 

" 

James  Murgatroyd,  merchant. 

" 

Jacob  Maag. 

«' 

Samuel  Morris,  Sheriff. 

1755 

Joseph  Mnrriot. 
Thomas  Maule. 

" 

Joseph  Mather,  miller. 

1756 

Luke  Morris. 

'< 

William  Morris,  Jr. 

" 

Thomas  Moore. 

1757 

John  Morris  (lime). 

1758  John  McMicbael. 

" 

Samuel  Morris,  Jr. 

'« 

John  Malcolm,  sailmaker. 

1759 

Samuel  Massey. 
Benjamin  Morgan. 

1760 

John  Molnnd,  Jr. 

1761 

Captain  William  Morrell. 

" 

Allen  McLane,  leather-dresser. 

" 

Samuel  Alorton,  merchant. 

" 

Samuel  McCall. 

" 

Edward  Milner 

" 

Abraham  Mason,  tailor. 

•' 

Charles  Moore,  M.D. 

" 

John  McPherson. 

" 

Robert  Morris,  movchant. 

1762 

Mildred  and   Roberts,  London. 

" 

McLean  and  Stewart. 

1764 

John  Morton,  merchant. 

,( 

Peter  Miller  conveyancer. 
Esther  Mifflin. 

'« 

Edward  Miluer,  miller. 

1765  Thomas  Mayberry. 
"      John  Mease,  Jr. 
"       Cadwalader  Morris. 
"      John  Morgan. 
"      Archibald  .McCall. 

1767  Thomas  Mifflin. 

1768  James  McCracken. 
1773  Levi  Marks. 

1775  Thomas  Afarriot,  farmer. 
"      Samuel  Miles. 
"      Benjamin  MarshalL 
"      Joseph  Mifflin. 

1780  Thomas  IMorris,  brewer. 

1781  Blair  McCleiiachan,  merchant. 
"      Robert  Morton. 

1784  John  F.  Mifflin. 

1785  Jonathan  Mifflin. 

1786  James  Miller. 
•■'      Magnus  jNIiller. 
"      John  Marshall. 

"      Thomas  Murgatroyd. 
"      William  iSIcMurtrie. 
"      Samuel  Meredith. 

1787  John  McCulloch. 
"      James  McCrea. 

"      Benjamin  Wistar  ^lorris. 
"       Patrick  iNIoore. 

1788  Christain  ^Lirshall,  Jr. 
"      Charles  Marshall. 

1796  John  Morris,  M.D. 

1800  Richard  Hill  Morris 

1801  Israel  Maul,  carpenter. 

"      Thomas  Morris,  .Jr.,  brewer. 

"      Joseph  S.  Morris,  brewer. 

"      Charles  Marshall,  Jr.,  druggist. 

1803  Malcolm  McDonald,  merchant. 

1804  Sarah  Moore. 

1806  John  Morton.  Jr.,  merchant. 

1807  Gouverneur  Morris,  of  New  York. 
"      John  Miller,  butcher. 

1810  John  Mullowny. 

1812  William  Morrison,  brewer. 

1815  James  Mease,  M.D. 

1816  John  W.  Moore,  M.D. 

1817  Samuel    Mason,    Steward    Penn. 

Hospital. 

1818  George  Morris. 

"      James  J.  Mazurie. 

1819  Lloyd  Mifflin. 

1820  John  Moore,  M.D. 

1821  William  Montelius,  tobacconist. 
"      Elizabeth  Marshall,  druggist. 

1825  J.  K.  Mitchell.  IM.D. 

1826  Stephen  P.  Morris. 

"      Charles  D.  Meigs,  M.D. 

1827  Caleb  B.  Mathew.«,  M.D. 
1831   John  iMoss,  mei'chant. 

1834  Caspar  Morris,  M.D. 

1835  Thomas  Mellon. 

1836  Samuel  George  Morton,  M,D. 


134 


18S7 

George  McClellnn,  M.P. 

1S4I 

Isrtne  v.  Morris,  irou-fomider. 

•  • 

Jacob  G.  Morris. 

1S44 

Wistiir  Morris,  iron-founder. 

•  • 

Henry  Morris,  iron-founder. 

184o 

Thoniiis  H.  McAlli.ster,  optician. 

" 

^ViIli.•\m  y.  McAllister,  optician. 

'• 

Cliarles  .Moj-er^  druggist. 

]«4G 

Israel  Morris. 

1847 

Conrad    ^leyer,  piauo   manufac- 

turer. 

•• 

John  B.  Myers. 

1849 

William  G.  Malin,  ijteward  Pcnn. 

Hospital. 

" 

Richard  M.  Marshall. 

1852 

Mary  Marshall. 

" 

George  W.  ^lorris. 

)85.S 

Samuel  C.  Morton. 

1854 

S.  Weir  Mitchell,  M.D.  . 

■' 

James  Markoe. 

" 

Israel  W.  Morris. 

" 

Catharine  Morris. 

185-) 

Samuel  Mason. 

1856 

Morris,  Tasker  &  Morris. 

•' 

Andrew  M mderson. 

" 

Benjamin  Marshall. 

" 

Dr.  J.  Wilson  Moore. 

'• 

Dr.  J.  Forsyth  Meigs. 

" 

Isaac  Meyer. 

" 

McKeau,  Borie  &  Co. 

" 

Catharine  McCall. 

" 

John  Mason. 

" 

Richards  &  Miller. 

'* 

Charles  Megarge. 

" 

Wm.  L.  Maddock. 

" 

Charles  Macalester. 

" 

Richard  C.  McMurtrie. 

it 

David  Milne. 

" 

James  Martin. 

ti 

John  McAllister,  Jr. 

" 

McAllister  &  Bro. 

ii 

James  McGee. 

" 

William  R.  Maxfield. 

" 

Abram  Miller. 

" 

Mary  Elizabeth  Mackey. 

1857 

Samuel  Morris.                                   | 

Morris,  Jones  &  Co. 

" 

William  McCallum. 

" 

Alex.  R.  McHenry. 

" 

Joseph  B.  Myers, 

" 

James  Manderson. 

'• 

Thomas  Manderson. 

" 

Robert  .Morrell,  M.D. 

ti 

A.  Miskey. 

" 

Charles  McKeone. 

" 

John  S.  Miller. 

«' 

Patrick  McBride. 

« 

Sons  of  Malta. 

«' 

Thomas  H.Moore. 

" 

Israel  \V.  Morris,  Jr. 

1857  John  M.  Maris. 

''      Samuel  V.  Merrick. 
"      Thomas  J.  Magear. 
"      James  McHvain. 
"      Michael  Molloy. 
"      Edward  Maule. 
"      Israel  Maule. 
"      Henry  Maule. 
"      Charles  McCaudless. 
"      H.  C.  Megarge. 
"      A.  J.  McClure. 

1858  Samuel  Megargee. 
"      William  Miller. 

'•      C.  H.  Mattson. 

"      Robert  V.  Massey. 

"      Hugh  McHvain. 

"       William  Musser. 

"      James  A.  McCrea,  M.D. 

"      John  R.  Morrell. 

"      Dr.  Samuel  Moore. 

"      Megargee  Bro. 

"      Hiram  Miller. 

1859  William  H.  Moore. 
"  John  R.  McCurdy. 
"      Malone  &  Taylor. 

"      Myers,  Kirkpatrick  &  Co. 

"      Sarah  ]\larshall. 

"      P.  Pemberton  Morris. 

"      William  G    Morehead. 

"      Harry  McCall,  Jr. 

"      James  Mott. 

"      Anne  D.  Morrison. 

"      E.  L.  Moss. 

"      Joseph  S.  Medara. 

"      Mahlon  Moon. 

"      Jacob  Miles  &  Son. 

"      Joel  B.  Morehead. 

"       David  McConkey. 

"      John  McAllister. 

"      Stephen  Morris. 

Massey,  Collins  &  Co. 

Dr.  T.  Geo.  Morton. 

Merrick  &  Sons. 

Henry  Pratt  ^McKean. 

Thomas  Mott. 

Morris,  Wheeler  &  Co. 

McCallum  &  Co. 

Henry  D.  Moore. 
"      Samuel  Mason.  Jr. 
"      Thomas  McEwen,  M.D. 
"      John  C.  Mercer. 
"      George  C.  Morris. 
"      James  T.  Morris. 
"      Isaac  W.  Morris. 
"      John  T.  Morris. 
"      Lydia  T.  Morris. 
"      R.  P.  Morton. 
1866  Levi  Morris. 
"       Hannah  Morris. 
»'      Thomas  Miller. 


1862 
1863 

1864 


1865 


135 


1867  James  Moore  &  Son. 
"      Moore  &  Campion. 

"      E.  P.  Moyer  &  Bros. 

"      I.  P.  Morris,  Towiie  &  Co. 

"      Theo.  Megargee  &  Co. 

"      Matthews  &  Moore. 

"      E.  Spencer  Miller. 

"      J.  E.  Mitchell. 

"      Helen  K.  Mortou. 

"      J.  H.  Morris. 

"      .James  T.  Magee. 

"      Michael  II.  Magee. 

"      William  8.  Magee. 

"      Thomas  S.  K.  Morton. 

"      Mellor,  Baines  &  Mellor. 

"      Miskey,  Merrill  &  Thnclvara. 

"      Massey,  Houstouu  &  Co, 

"      Jane  Morris. 

1868  J.  Aitken  Meigs,  M.D. 

1869  T.  Magee  &  Co. 
1874  Chas.  M.  Morton. 
1876  Dr.  Arthur  V.  Meigs. 

"      Edith  Mason. 
"      Alfred  C.  Mason. 


N. 


1751  Isaac  Norris,  Esq. 
"      Samuel  Neave. 

"      Charles  Norris. 
"      John  Nelson. 
"      Samuel  Noble. 

1752  Peter  Nygh. 
1754  John  Nixon. 

1760  William  Neate,  of  London. 
1764  Richard  Neave  and  Sou,  London. 
1786  Alexander  Nesbit. 

"      Philip  Nicklin. 
1794  Mary  Norris. 
1813  Joseph  P.  Norris. 
1815  Henry  Neill,  M.  U. 
1818  George  Nugent. 

1822  Lindsay  Nicholson. 

1823  .loseph  G.  Nancrede,  M.D. 
1828  James  S.  Newbold. 

1833  George  W.  Norris,  M.D. 
1845  Paul  W.  Newhall. 
"      John  Notman 

1856  Thos.  A.  Newhall. 
"      Charles  Newbold. 

"      Newbold,  Sou  &  Aertsoa. 

"      Daniel  Neall. 

"      Richard  Norris. 

"      Thomas  S.  Newlin. 

"      Nohlit,  Brown  &  Noblit. 

1857  Joseph  A.  Needles. 
♦'      James  Nevins. 

"      Isaac  Norris. 
1859  Norcross  &  Sheets. 


1859  James  S.  Newbold. 

1860  Mrs.  Robert  Nelson. 
1863   William  F.  Norris,  M.D. 

"      J.  Shipley  Newlin. 

"      Thomas  S.  Newlin,  Jr. 

"      Samuel  Norris. 

"      Richard  Norris  &  Son. 
1865  Charles  F.  Norton. 
1867   Newhall,  Borie  &  Co. 

"      Richard  L.  Nicholson. 
1871    Rev.  Matthew  Newkirk,  Jr. 
1873  N.  P.  S.  (N.  Parker  Shortridge). 


0. 


1754 

.lohn  Ord,  shopkeeper. 

1758 

Charles  Osborne. 

1759 

Daniel  Offley,  smith. 

1761 

George  Owen,  halter. 

1762 

John  Oseland. 

1766 

Samuel  Ormes,  M.D. 

1774 

John  Odenheimer,  victualler. 

1796 

John  Oldden. 

1813 

John  C.  Otto,  M.D. 

" 

Griffith  Owen,  clock  and  watch 

maker. 

1852 

George  Ord. 

" 

Joseph  B   Ord. 

1856 

J.  B.  Okie. 

" 

Lewis  G.  Osbnurne. 

" 

Outerbridgp,  Ilarvey  &  Co. 

" 

Charles  S.  Ogden. 

" 

James  H.  Orne. 

1857 

John  M.  Ogden. 

1858 

Benjamin  Orne. 

" 

George  R.  Oat. 

«' 

Charles  Oakford  &  Son. 

1 859 

Margaret  J.  Otto. 

1860 

J.  F.  &  E.  B.  Orne. 

Thomas  and  Richard  Penn  (sons 
of  VVm.  Penn),  an  annuity  of 
£40  paid  from  1762  to  1776. 

1751  Israel  Pemberton,  merchant, 

"      Israel  Pemberton.  Jr.,  merchant. 

"      Richard  Peters.  Esq. 

"      James  Pemberton,  merchant. 

"       William  Plumstead. 

"      Edward  Peuington. 

"      John  Pole. 

1752  Samuel  I'owell,  hatter. 

"      Thomas  Paschall,  hatter. 
1754  John  Pemberton. 
"       Oswald  Peel. 
"      Joseph  Parker. 
"       Richard  Partridge,  of  Loudon. 


13(5 


17-'i4   Willinm  Parr,  ntlnrnej'-at-law. 
1750  Jolin  Palmer,  bricklayer. 

*'      Isnne  Pascliall. 

.John  I'arritih,  bricklayer. 

"       Ric^haril  Poarne. 

1757  William   Peters,   of  Concord   fin 

hiniher). 

1758  Samuel  Furviance. 
"      Isaac  Parrish. 

"      Joseph  Paul,  miller. 

1759  Richar.l  Parker. 
"      Samuel  Powell. 

1761    Thomas  Penrose. 
"      James  Penrose. 
"      John  Paul,  of  Wissahickon,  miller. 
"      William  Pusey,  merchant. 
"      John  Potts,  Esq. 

1765  Charles  Pettit. 

1766  Nathaniel  Pennock. 

1767  Joseph  Potts,  mercliant. 
"      Samuel  Pleasants. 

1768  Joseph  Paschall. 
"      Samuel  Potts. 

1770  Joseph  Pemberton. 
1776  Thomas  Parke,  M.D. 

1780  Jonathan    Potts,    M.D.    (a   loan 

office  certificate  for  £1000). 

1781  Frederick  Phile,  M.D. 

1785  Timothy  Pickering. 
"      John  Priiigle. 

1786  Elliston  Perot. 

"      Jeremiah  Parker. 
"      Richard  Parker. 
"      Michael  Pragers. 
"      Ignatius  Polyart. 

1787  Derick  Peterson. 

"      Thomas  Penrose,  Jr.,  shipbuilder. 
"      Henry  Pbysick. 

1788  John  Penn. 

"      John  Penn,  .Jr. 
1790  John  Perot,  merchant. 

1798  William  Penrose. 

1794  Philip  S.  Physick,  M.D. 

"      Elizabeth  Coates  Paschall. 
"      Sarah  Pascha'.l. 

1795  Zachariah  Poulson,  Jr. 

"      Thomas  Paschall,  merchant. 
"      Edward    Peningtou,    Jr.,    sugar- 
refiner. 
"      Isaac  Penington,  sugar-refiner. 
"      Israel  Pleasants,  merchant. 
"      Joseph  Paschall,  merchant. 

1799  George  Pennock,  merchant. 

1800  Abraham  Patton,  watchmaker. 

1801  Henry  Pratt. 

"      William  Poyntell,  merchant. 

1804  Joseph  Price,  hatter. 

1805  Samuel  Parrish,  merchant. 

1807  Thomas  Palmer,  merchant. 

1808  David  Parrish. 


1811 
1814 

1815 
1819 

1821 
18l>2 
1825 
1834 


18.36 
1837 
1838 
1839 
1840 
1842 
1843 
1845 

1846 
1848 

1852 


1853 
1854 
1 855 
1856 


1857 


1858 


George  Peterson. 

Henry  Pemberton. 

Joseph  M.  Paul. 

Joseph  Parrish,  M.D. 

Isaac  Parry,  pl.asterer. 

Willia-n  P.  Paxson. 

William  Price,  M.D. 

Richard  Price,  Jr.,  merchant. 

John  Paul. 

Abraham  L.  Pennock. 

Sansom  Perot. 

Caspar  W.  Pennock. 

John  Hare  Powell  (a  calf). 

W'illiam  Pepper,  M.D. 

Edward  Peace,  M  D. 

Joseph  Pancoast,  M  D. 

Isaac  Parrish,  M.D. 

George  Pepper,  brewer. 

William  Piatt,  merchant. 

Clayton  T.  Piatt. 

Hannah  Paul. 

Henry  Pepper. 

Charles  Collins  Parker,  M.D. 

Thomas  H.  Powers,  chemist. 

Dr.  Wm.  Byrd  Page. 

Eli  K.  Price. 

Josluia  L.  Price. 

Dillwyn  Parrish. 

Caroline  Pennock. 

Hannah  Parke. 

Edward  Perot. 

Charles  Perot. 

.John  F.  Peniston. 

Joseph  Patterson. 

Francis  Perot. 

Charles  W.  Pultney. 

Wil]ia?n  S.  Perot. 

Joseph  Perot. 

Robert  Pearsall. 

Letitia  Poultney. 

Sarah  R.  Paul. 

Palmer,  Thomas  &  Co. 

Frederick  S.  Pepper. 

Henry  M.  Phillips. 

Prichett  &  Baugh. 

George  D.  Parrish. 

Elliston  Perot. 

D.  T.  Pratt. 

Richard  Price. 

Parry  &  Randolph. 

Edward  T.  Pusey. 

Samuel  Parry. 

Ario  Pardee. 

George  PhiJler. 

Edward  Patterson. 

Geo.  W.  Page. 

Francis  Peters. 

Daniel  R.  Paul. 

Daniel  R.  Paul,  Jr. 

Jonathan  Palmer  &  Co. 


137 


1858  Wm.  D.  Parrish. 

1859  Frances  Pierpont. 

"  Robert  S.  Paschal). 

"  Thomas  Potter. 

"  Thomas  Pritchett. 

"  Asa  Packer. 

"  A.  Pardee  &  Co. 

"  David  Potts.  Jr. 

"  Stephen  S.  Price. 

''  Jane  Preston. 

"  James  W.  Paul. 

"  A.  M.  Powers. 

♦'  Mrs.  G.  S.  Pepper. 

18G0  Mrs.  Morris  Patterson. 

"  Mary  Pepper. 

"  Sally  W.  Pennock. 

"  Mary  T.  Pleasants. 

1861  John  H.  Packard,  M.D. 
"  Wm.  F.  Potts. 

1862  John  H.  Palethorpe,  Est.  of. 

1864  J.  Price  Patton. 
"  R.  Hare  Powell. 
"  R.  S.  Peterson. 

1865  William  Pepper,  Jr.,  M.D. 
"  Sarah  Phipps. 

"  Caleb  Peirce. 

"  Fannie  R.  Purves. 

"  William  Piatt  Pepper. 

"  George  S.  Pepper. 

"  Philip  Physic  Peace. 

"  Edward  Coleman  Peace. 

"  Benjamin  Perkins,  Jr. 

"  Sarah  A.  Purves. 

1867  Davis  Pearson  &  Co. 
"  Moro  Phillips. 

"  T.  Morris  Perot  &  Co. 

"  John  Hare  Powell. 

"  Mrs.  John  Hare  Powell. 

1868  William  Procter,  Jr. 

1869  Est.  of  Davis  Pearson,  dec. 

1870  William  A.  Porter. 
"  Mrs.  S.  N.  Pepper. 


Q. 

1857  James  W.  Queen. 


R. 


1751   .John  Reynell. 

"      Hugh  Roberts. 

"      .Joseph  Richardson,  merchant. 

"      Francis  Richardson. 

"      John  Pioss. 

•'      John  Redman,  M.D. 

"      Samuel  Rhoads. 
1754  John  Roberts,  miller. 

"      Daniel  Roberdeau. 


1756 


1757 
1758 


1759 
1761 
1763 

1765 


1766 
1767 


1787 
1788 


1789 
1795 
1800 
1801 

tl 

1802 
1806 
1813 
1814 
1815 
1821 
1822 
1823 
1828 

1831 
1835 
1841 


1843 
1845 
1849 
1851 
1852 


1855 


Peter  Reeve 

Francis  Rawle. 

Joseph  Redman. 

Daniel  Rundle. 

John  Rhea 

Benjamin  Rawle. 

John  Relfe. 

William  Rush,  blacksmith. 

Isaac  Roberts,  brickmaker. 

John  Rouse. 

John  Rhobotham. 

Thomas  Robinson,  merchant. 

John  Reily. 

Christopher  Rawson,  of  Halifax. 

Nicholas  Rittenhouse,  miller. 

George  Roberts. 

Samuel  Rhoads,  Jr. 

Thomas  Ringold,  of  Maryland. 

Mary  Richardson. 

Thomas  Rutter. 

Thomas  Robeson. 

Thomas  Riche,  merchant. 

Joseph  Richardson,  goldsmith. 

Benjamin  Rush,  M.D. 

Edward  Russell. 

David  Rittenhouse. 

Richard  Rundle. 

James  Read,  flour  merchant. 

George  Rutter  (picture  of  Good 
Samaritan). 

William  Rawle. 

Robert  Ralston,  merchant. 

John  Piedman,  M  D. 

John  Robeson,  merchant. 

William  Redwood. 

Samuel  Rhoads,  merchant. 

.Jacob  Ridway,  merchant. 

James  Rush,  M.D. 

William  Rogers. 

Samuel  Richards. 

Mark  Richards. 

Hugh  Roberts. 

Charles  Rolierts. 

William  Rush,  M.D. 

Jacob  Randolph,  M  D. 

David  Rankin,  grocer. 

Romulus  Riggs. 

Solomon  W.  Roberts,  civil  engi- 
neer. 

Elihu  Roberts,  merchant. 

Caleb  C.  Roberts,  merchant. 

John  J.  Ridgway. 

Mrs.  Hugh  Roberts. 

Richard  Ronaldson. 

Nathaniel  Randolph. 

Mrs.  M.  Ricketts. 

Moncure  Robinson. 
Jonathan  Richards. 

Richard  Ronaldson. 

Thomas  Ridgeway. 


138 


18oG 


1857 


1858 


1859 


1860 


1863 
1864 


Hugh  Roberts. 
R;indolpli  &  Jenks. 
Joliii  i\.  Hue. 
Tlionias  Robins. 
Clmrles  P.  Keif. 
Robert  J    Ross. 
Riclianl  Richanlson. 
Eviins  Roilgers. 
Thoinns  Ricliardsou  &  Co. 
Edwaril  Roberts. 
Evan  Randolph. 
Richards  &  Miller. 
Charles  W.  Rogers. 
Philip  S.  Reilly. 
George  W.  Richard.s. 
Benjamin  B.  Reath. 
Samuel  Rhoads. 
Rutter,  Newhall  &  Co. 
Richardson,  Thomas  &  Co. 
Anne  Iv.  Reynolds. 
John  T.  Ilicketts. 
George  D.  Rosengarten. 
William  B.  Reed. 
Samuel  Riddle. 
Wni.  H.  Richards. 
John  G.  Repplier. 
Clement  S.  Rutter. 
James  Rohb. 
Benjamin  Rowland. 
John  Bobbins,  Jr. 
A.  S.  cSt  E.  Roberts. 
William  Rowland. 
John  J.  Richardson. 
Joseph  J.  Redner. 
John  Rice. 
Joseph  W.  Ryerss. 
William  L.  Rebn. 
A.  L.  Randall. 
Richardson  &  Carver. 
Jacob  Reigle. 
Charles  Rugan. 
Mary  Ashbridge  Rlioads. 
Hannah  Richardson. 
Charles  Rhoads. 
Mrs.  Thos.  Robins. 
John  Richardson. 
James  Rowland  &  Co. 
Ritter  &  Brother 
Pvockhill  &  Wilson. 
Elizabeth  Rhoads. 
Samuel  J.  Reeves. 
R.  N.  Ratbban. 
William  Rowland  &  Co. 
James  Rowland. 
Nathan  Rowland. 
Stephen  Robbins. 
Dr.  James  E.  Rhoads. 
John  M.  Read. 
Wra    G.  Rhoads. 
Edward  Rhoads,  M.D. 


18C5   Edward  Taylor  Randolph. 
"      Albert  C.  Roberts. 
"      John  Robins. 
"      P.  Reilley  &  Son. 
«'      B.  Howard  Rand,  M.U. 

1866  Craig  D.  Richie. 

1867  H.  B.  Rianhard. 

"      A.  P.  Roberts  &  Co. 

"      Wm.  Reid. 

"      W.  H.  Rhann. 

"      Lewis  H.  Redner. 

•'      Wm.  K.  Raniborger. 

"      J.  G   &  G.  S.  Repplier. 

««      Robert  L.  Reilly. 

'*      Julianua  Randolph. 
1809  Joseph  G.  Richardson. 
1872  Charles  Roberts. 
1874  John  B.  Roberts,  M.D. 


1751 


1751: 


1754 


1755 
1756 


1758 


John  Smith. 
Samuel  Sansora. 
Edward  Shippen. 
Thomas  Stretch. 
Thomas  Say. 
Christopher  Sauer. 
Peter  Sonmans,  M.D. 
William  Shipley,  victualler. 
W'illiam  Shippen,  M.D. 
Stephen  Shewell,  baker. 
Joseph  Shewell,  baker. 
Jacob    Shoemaker,    Jr.,    wheel- 
wright. 
Samuel  Smith,  merchant. 
W'illiam  Smith,  tanner. 
Robert  Smith,  carpenter. 
Isaac  Snowden,  tanner. 
William  Stanley. 
Moses  Stanley. 
Joseph  Sennard. 
James  Stone. 
James  Stevenson. 
Daniel  Steinmetz,  baker. 
Samuel  Swift. 
Valentine  Stanley. 
Jacob  Shoemaker,  smith. 
Joseph  Saunders. 
Joseph  Stretch. 
Attwood  Shute. 
Amos  Strettell. 
John  Stamper,  Esq. 
Joseph  Stamper. 
Edward  Shippen,  Jr. 
William  Shute,  tallow-chandler. 
Thomas  Saltar,  lumber  merchant. 
James  Stoops,  brickmaker. 
Enoch  Story. 
Walter  Shee,  merchant. 


139 


1759  Bavnaby  Shute. 

"      Joba  Scott,  merchant. 

1760  John  Sniith,  of  Kingsessing. 
"      Joseph  Sermon,  smith. 

1761  John  Shoemaker,  of  Cheltenham, 
"      Richard  Smith,  merchant. 

"      Joseph  Sims. 

"      John  Casper  Stivers. 

1762  Jedediah  Snowden. 

"      Jonathan  Shoemaker. 

"      George  David  Sickle,  butcher. 

1764  Adam  Straker,  smith. 

1765  John  George  Snyder. 

1766  William  Shippen,  Jr.,  M.D. 

1767  Jonathan  B    Smith. 
"      Samuel  Southall. 

1768  William  Sitgreaves,  merchant. 
"      Samuel  Sansom,  Jr. 

1771  Joseph  Shippen,  Jr. 
"      Jose|ih  Stout. 

"      Robert  Stevens. 

"      James  Stewart,  merchant. 

1772  Joseph  Swift. 

1774  Samuel  Simpson. 

1775  Philip  Syng. 

1776  Jacob  Spicer,  of  New  Jersey. 
1780  Benjamin  Say,  M.D. 

1782  George  Shoemaker,  blacksmith. 

1784  John  Swan  wick. 

1785  Leonard  Snowden. 

"       Lawrence  Seckel,  merchant. 
"      James  Smith,  Jr. 

1786  Samuel  Shaw. 

"      Robert  Stevenson. 

1787  Robert  Smith,  merchant. 
"      Townsend  Speakman. 

1794  Joseph  Sansom. 

"      Thomas  Stewardson. 

1795  William  Sansom,  merchant. 
1797  Jacob  Shoemaker. 

"      Buckridge  Sims. 

1799  Charles  Shoemaker. 

"      Estiier     Sprague,     of     Dedham, 
Mass. 

1800  Willet  Smith,  merchant. 

1801  Thomas  Shoemaker,  merchant. 
"      John  Simpson,  merchant. 

"      James  Skerrett,  blacksmith. 

1802  Thomas  Stewart. 

"      William  W.  Smith,  merchant. 
"      James  Stokes,  merchant. 
"      James  Smith,  merchant. 

1803  Stephen  Smith,  merchant. 
"      Philip  Smith,  grocer. 

1806  George  Smith,  merchant. 

1807  Thomas  Shipley,  merchant. 
*'      James  Stewart,  M.D. 

"      John  J.  Smith,  merchant. 
'■      Daniel  Sutter,  grocer. 
1811  John  Savage,  merchant. 


1812 

James  Sawer. 

1814 

William  Schlatter,  merchant. 

" 

Samuel  Spackman,  merchant. 

" 

Ann  Saunders,  teacher. 

1815 

Joseph  Allen  Smith. 

1816 

John  Stack. 

<' 

Charles  J.  Sutter. 

1817 

William  A.  Skerrett. 

1818 

Edward  James  Stiles. 

1819 

Nathan  Shoemaker. 

1820 

Samuel  Sellers. 

1821 

James  Schott. 

1830  John  Struthers,  marble-mason. 

1833 

Blakey  Sharpless,  bookseller. 

1834 

Samuel  L.  Shober. 

" 

Benjamin  P.  Smith. 

" 

John  W.  Shoemaker. 

1835 

Thomas  Stewardson,  M.D. 

" 

Rebecca  Simmons. 

1837 

George  Roberts  Smith. 

1842  James  Schott,  Jr. 

" 

George  Stewardson. 

(i 

Rev.  Edward  J.  Sourin, 

1843 

Alfred  StiUg,  M.D. 

1844 

Henry  Seybert. 

" 

Joseph  Swift,  broker. 

1845 

Alexander  H.  Smith. 

" 

Isaac  Starr. 

1846 

John  Sergeant,  attorney  at-law 

1847 

Henry  H.  Smith,  M.D. 

1848 

C.  E    Spaiigler. 

" 

Robert  W.  Sykes. 

" 

John  Siter,  merchant. 

1849 

Moreton  Stille,  M  D. 

1851 

Wm.  Struthers,  marble-mason. 

" 

Joseph  P.  Smith. 

1852 

John  P.  Steiner. 

" 

F.  Sargeant,  M.D. 

(( 

Henry  G.  Sharpless. 

1855 

Lewis  A.  Scott. 

" 

Rosa  Steadman. 

It 

Dr.  George  Smith. 

" 

Charles  Santer. 

1856 

Joseph  Shipley. 

" 

Catharine  W.  Sheppard. 

" 

Samuel  F.  Smith. 

" 

William  S.  Smith  &  Co. 

" 

J.  R.  Savage  &  Co. 

" 

Thomas  M.  Smith. 

" 

John  Saunders. 

" 

Macpherson  Saunders. 

" 

John  M.  Scott. 

" 

Jacob  II.  Smith. 

<i 

John  M.  Sharpless. 

•  « 

Newberry  A.  Smith. 

<( 

Curwen  Stoddart. 

<« 

Joseph  M.  Stoddart. 

" 

Lindley  Smyth. 

" 

John  Stone  &  Sons. 

tt 

Cornelius  StevenaoQ. 

140 


1856  Daniel  Smith,  Jr.  I  1859 
••  Uohort  11.  Smull.  |     " 

"  Fi:uu'os  W.  StovcMison  (N.  Y.)        |     " 

"  Edwaiil  A    Smith,  M.D.  i     " 

"  Joseph  8.  Silver.  |     " 

"  Wm.  l\  &  A.  Sharpless. 

•♦  James  B.  Shannon. 

"  Edwin  Swift. 

"  Victor  A    S;Htori. 

"  Joseph  J.  Sharpless. 

Eiwood  Slianntin. 

"  Edwin  Spooner. 

"  'William  S.  Spooner. 

"  Robert  Slioemaker  &  Co. 

1857  William  L.  Schaffer. 
"  Samuel  E.  Stokes.  1860 
"  George  H.  Stewart. 
"  Thomas  Sparks. 
"  Henry  Sloan. 
"  Samuel  K.  Simmons. 
"  Stratton  &  I5ro. 
"  John  T.  Smith.  1864 
"  James  S.  Smith,  Jr. 
"  William  JI.  Stewart. 
"  James  Schott. 
"  John  S.  Sharpless. 
"  Stroup  &  Brother. 
"  Maria  Stiile. 
"  Robert  Steen. 
"  Enos  Sharpless. 
"  William  E.  Stevenson. 
"  Samuel  S.  Scattergood. 
"  James  Starr. 

1858  Samuel  Sloan. 
"  Gideon  Scull.  1865 
"  Isaac  Starr,  Jr. 
"  Stevens  &  Miller. 
"  Samuel  Siines. 
"  Sharpless  Bros. 
"  Alfred  Slade  &  Co. 
"  Thos.  Struthers. 
"  David  Scull. 
"  Lawrence  Shuster. 
"  Peter  Sieo;er.  1866 
"  Gottlieb  Schiedt.  186 

1859  Charles  Shoemaker. 
"  J.  &  M.  Saunders. 
'*  Stewart  &  Patterson. 
"  Hannah  Sansom. 
"  George  B.  Sloat. 
»'  Richard  G.  Stotesbury. 
"  Dr.  F.  G.  Smith. 
"  Stitt  &  Brown. 
"  John  B.  Shober. 
"  Samuel  L.  Shober. 
"  Joseph  L.  Schaffer. 
"  George  R.  Smith. 
"  William  Sellers  &  Co.  1868 
"  William  Sellers.  1869 
"  Jacob  B.  Shaunon.                           I  1870 


David  C.  Spooner. 
Edward  Siiarpless. 
Edmund  Smith. 
George  K.  Smith. 
Granville  Stokes. 
Edward  S.  Simmouds. 
George  P.  Sn)ith. 
Joseph  Scattergood. 
Mrs.  Nuberry  Smith. 
Mrs.  Geo.  H.  Stewart. 
John  Stott. 
Abraham  Scott. 
G.  Washington  Smith. 
Thomas  A.  Scott. 
Edmund  Smith. 
Mrs.  Isaac  Starr. 
Misses  Smith. 
Sellers  &  Pennock. 
Joseph  W.  Stokes. 
Townsend  Sharpless. 
John  J.  Smith. 
Samuel  R.  Shipley. 
Wm.  Savery,  M.D. 
Sidney  J.  Sohns. 
Samuel  J.  Sharpless. 
Anna  R.  Sharpless. 
U.V.  B.  Sharpless. 

D.  C.  Wharton  Smith. 
Adeline  Margaret  Sager. 
Thomas  Smith. 

Isaac  Sharpless. 
William  B.  Smith. 
Robert  Pearsall  Smith. 
Thomas  Stillman. 
James  D.  Smith. 

E.  A.  Souder  &  Son. 
John  F.  Sheaff. 
William  Stevenson. 
Charles  Spencer. 

M.  D.  Shallcross,  M.D. 
Alexander  Simes. 
Isaac  R.  Smith. 
Abraham  Schiedt. 
Albert  H.  Smith,  M.D. 
Walter  Smith. 
Rebecca  Smith. 
Wm.  F.  Simes  &  Son. 
John  Supplee. 
N.  Parker  Shortridge. 
Charles  Smith. 
Curwen  Stoddart,  Jr. 
Robert  Shoemaker. 
Benjamin  H.  Shoemaker. 
Smith,  Randolph  &  Co. 
W.  D.  Smith  &  Co. 
William  G.  Spencer. 
Hon.  William  Strong. 
Thomas  Shipley. 
William  H.  Sowers. 
Thomas  Stewartson,  Jr. 


141 


1870  Charles  B.  Shoemaker. 

1871  Walter  M.  Sprankle. 
1876  Henry  J.  Stout. 

"      Robert  Shoemaker,  Jr. 
'•      Samuel  B.  Shoemaker. 


T. 


1751  Robert  Tuite. 

1752  Joseph  Trotter. 

1754  Christopher  Thompson. 
"      Peter  Turner. 

"      Thomas  Tillbury,  baker. 

1755  John  Tinker,  Governor  of  the  B.i- 

hama  Islands. 

1756  John  Taylor. 

"      Charles  Thompson. 
1761  Joseph  Thomas,  Flour  Inspector. 
"      Joseph  Turner,  Esq. 

1764  Robert  Towers. 

1765  John  Test. 
1767  James  Tilghman. 
1775  Alexander  Todd. 

1780  Dean  Timmons. 

1781  Robert  Towers,  M.D.    (in  medi- 

cines). 

1785  Daniel  Tyson. 

1786  Peter  Thompson,  Jr.,  scrivener. 

1787  Andrew  Tybout. 

1788  John  Thompson,  merchant. 

1789  Richard  Truman. 

1795  Joseph  Thomas,  attorney-at-law. 
1799  Henry  Toland,  grocer. 

1801  Richard  Tunis,  merchant. 
"      Rev.  James  Taylor. 

1802  Godfrey  Twells,  brewer. 
1810  James  Traquair. 

1814  Jonah  Thompson,  merchant. 

1815  James  B.  Thompson. 
1817  George  Thum. 

"      Edward  Thompson,  merchant. 

"      William  Thackara. 

"      James  Allen  Thackara. 

1819  A.  B.  Tucker,  M.D. 

1820  Benjamin  Tucker,  teacher. 

1844  Thomas  T.  Tasker,  iron-founder. 
"      William  P.  Tatham. 

1845  George  Thomas. 

*'      Jacob  M.  Thomas. 
1847  John  Towne. 
1852  Thomas  T.  Tasker,  Jr. 

"     Joseph  R.  Tasker. 

"      George  Thomas,  M.D. 

"      John  R.  Thomas. 
1856  Edward  H.  Trotrer. 

"      William  Henry  Trotter. 

"      Charles  W.  Trotter. 

"      Job  R.  Tyson. 

"      John  Trucks. 


1856  Est.  of  Jno.  R.  &  Geo.  Thomas. 
"      Jane  Thomas. 

"      John  D.  Taylor. 

"      Tatham  Brothers. 

"      John  J.  Tliompson. 

"      Joseph  W.  Taylor,  M.D. 

"      Joseph  C.  Turnpenny. 

"      Charles  Taylor. 

"      John  H.  Towne. 

"      John  R.  T.  &  George  Thomas. 

"      Thain  &  McKeon. 

•'      George  Townsend. 

"      Frederick  A.  Tupper. 

1857  George  E.  Taylor. 

"      Benjamin  T.  Tredick. 
"      Newcomb  D.  Tliompson. 
"      William  Taylor. 
«'      Thurlow  Hughes  &  Co. 
"      David  Tliaine. 

1858  George  H.  Thompson. 
"      Henry  Tilge  &  Co. 

"      William  and  Geo.  Thompson. 

"     Taylor,  Gillespie  &  Co. 

"      Virginia  Taylor  (Norfolk). 

"      J.  Edgar  Thompson. 

'•      Moses  Thomas. 

"      Moses  Thomas  &  Son. 

"      Joseph  B.  Townsend. 

1859  George  W.  Taylor. 

"      Michael  Trump  &  Son. 

"      Geo.  Thompson. 

"      Paul  Thurlo. 

"      Mary  A.  Taylor. 

"      Henry  C.  Townsend. 

"      Dr.  Isaac  Thomas. 

"      Nathan  Taylor. 

*'      Wm    G.  Tiiomas. 

"      Tessiere,  Mrs. 

Mrs.  B.  Taylor. 

Solomon  Townsend. 

Joseph  M.  Thomas. 

Thomas  Thompson. 

Lewis  Thompson  &  Co. 

George  Trotter. 

Edward  Tatum. 

Chas.  P.  Tutt,  M  D. 
"       Richard  S.  Thomas. 
"      William  P.  Tatham. 
"      Susan  T.  Thompson. 
"      .James  H.  Tlu.mpson. 
"      Charles  T.  Thompson. 
'•      John  J.  Thompson,  Jr. 
•'      George  F.  Taylor. 
1866  Jolin  Thompson,  Jr. 

"      Lewis  Taws. 
1807  Joseph  Triuil)le. 
"      Lydia  Thomas. 
"      E.  G.  Townsend. 
"      Geo.  M.  Troutman. 
"      Henry  J$.  Tatham. 


1860 

1861 
1864 


1865 


142 


1S6T  Geo.  \.  Tntham. 

*'  Moiiry  Tilge. 

"  George  Trott. 

1869  George  Tales. 

1873  Eliz:il>eth  11.  Turnpenny. 

"  Rebecca  A.  Tasker. 

ISTfi  Mary  E.  Turnpenny. 


U. 


1709  Abraham  Usher. 
1856  George  Urwiler. 


V. 

1756  William  Vanderspiegel. 
1761  John  Vanderen. 

1785  John  Vaughan. 

1786  William  Von  Phul. 

1796  Ambrose  Vasse,  merchant. 

1799  William  Vicary,  mariner. 

1819  Roberts  Vaux. 

1826  George  Vaux. 

1887  F.  A.  Vandyke,  M.D. 

1855  Eliza  11.  Vaux. 
"      W.  S.  Vaux. 

1856  George  Vaux,  .Jr. 

"      Mrs    S.  B.  Vansycle. 

"      Verree  &  Mitchell. 
1859  Vandevear  &  Bolton. 

"      Charles  Vezin. 
1867  Wm.  P.  Vaux. 


W. 

1751  Casper  Wistar. 

"      Joseph  Wharton,  cooper. 
"      Townsend  White,  merchant. 
"      Robert  Willan. 

1752  John  Wistar. 

"  James  Wright. 

"  Daniel  Williams,  baker. 

1754  Charles  West. 

"  John  Wier. 

"  Abraham  Wagner. 

"  Robert  Wain,  merchant. 

"  Richard  Wistar. 

"  Joseph  Watkins. 

"  George  Westcott,  brazier. 

"  Charles  West,  Jr.,  cooper. 

"  Anthony  Wilkinson,  carver. 

"  Joseph  Wills,  clockmaker. 

"  Edmund  Winder. 

"  Jacob  Winey. 

"  Joseph  Wood,  merchant. 

"  Peter  Worrell. 


1755  Jeremiah  Warder,  hatter. 

1756  William  Wallace. 
"      Thomas  Wharton. 
••      James  Whitehead. 
"      James  Wharton. 

"      Joseph  Wharton,  Jr. 
"      Stephen  Wooley. 
"      Samuel  Wharton. 

1758  William  West,  merchant. 
"      Stephen  Williams. 

"      Swen  Warner. 
"      James  Wallace. 
"      AVilliam  Wishart. 

1759  Daniel  Wistar. 
"      Joseph  Wurner. 

1761  James  West. 

"      Richard  Wain. 

"      John  Wood,  clockmaker. 

"      Thomas  Willing,  Esq. 

1762  John  Whitelock. 
"  Isaac  Whitelock. 
"      John  Wikoff. 

"      James  Webb. 

"      John  Wilcocks. 

"      Joseph  Watkins.  Jr. 

1763  Joseph  Wetherill. 

"      Kev.  George  Whitfield. 
1765  Thomas  Wharton. 
"      Thomas  WagstafF,  of  London  (a 

watch). 
"      James  White. 

1767  Richard  Walker. 

1768  Robert  Wickersham, 

1769  Joseph  Watson,  M.D. 
"      William  Wistar. 

1771  Anna  Warner. 

"      Thomas  Wishart,  chandler. 
"     John  Wharton. 

1772  Benjamin  Wynkoop. 
"      Jeremiah  Warder,  Jr. 

1775  Richard  Willing. 
♦'      Isaac  Wh.'trton. 

"      William  Whitpain,  carpenter. 

1776  Noah  Webster  (lectures  for  bene- 

fit of  hosj)ital). 
1780  Charles  Wharton,  merchant. 
1782  John  Wall. 

1784  Samuel  Williams,  cabinet-maker. 

1785  Christian  Wirtz. 
"       William  Wirtz. 

"       William  West. 
"      Thomas  Wistar. 
"      Israel  Wheelen. 
"      Nicholas  Wain. 

1786  Gideon  Hill  Wells. 
"      Jesse  Wain. 

"      John  Warner,  whalebone-carver. 
"      Henry  Wynkoop. 
"      Solomon  White. 
"      Robert  Wharton. 


143 


1786  Philip  Wager    nnd    George    Ha- 

backer. 
'♦      Lambert  Wilmer. 
"      James  Wilson,  shopkeeper. 
"      Charles  West,  Jr. 
"      Robert  Wain,  Jr.,  merchant. 
"      Sarah  Wistar. 

1787  Samuel  Wheeler. 

"      Bartholomew  Wistar. 

1788  Richard  Wistar. 
•'      John  Warder. 

1791   Bryan  Wilkinson. 

"      Caspar  Wistar,  1\I.D. 
1795  Kearney  Wharton,  merchant. 

"      Caspar  Wistar,  of  Chester  Co. 

"      Catherine  Wistar,  Jr. 

"       George  G.  Woelpper,  butcher. 
179fi  James  Woodhouse,  M.D. 

1797  Dr.  John  White,  druggist. 

1798  Andrew  Wood. 

1799  Martha  Whitelock. 

1801  William  Wister,  merchant. 
"       William  Wain,  merchant. 

1802  James  Wood,  merchant. 

1  803  Jeremiah  Warder,  Jr.,  merchant. 

1806  John  G.  Wachsmuth,  mercliant. 
"      Alexander  Wilson,  merchant. 

•'      Thomas  M.  Willing,  merchant. 
"      John  Watson. 

1807  William  Warner,  merchant. 

"      Benjamin  C.  Wilcocks,  merchant. 

1808  Samuel   Williamson,   silversmith. 

1810  Georges.  Wilson. 
"      John  Wister. 

"      Charles  J.  Wister. 

1811  Henry  L.  Waddell. 

1812  Joseph     Watson,     lumber     mer- 

chant. 
1814  Israel  Whelen. 

1816  Jacoh  S.  Wain.  Jr. 
"      Edward  Wilson. 

1817  Benjamin  West  (picture  of  Christ 

Healing  the  Sick). 
1819  Richard  Wistar,  .)r. 
1821    Thomas  Wildon. 

"      Silas  E.  Weir. 

"      Bartholomew  Wistar. 

1824  Caspar  Wistar,  M.D. 
"      Charles  Watson. 

1825  George  B.  Wood,  M.D. 

1828   Henry  J.   Williams,   attorney-at- 
law. 

1832  David  Woelpper,  Sr.,  butcher. 
"      Jeremiah  Willets,  plasterer. 

1833  Josiah  White. 

1834  Captain  William  West,  mariner. 
"     Henry  White. 

1835  Mifflin  Wistar,  M  D. 

"      Joseph  Warrington,  M.D. 
1840  Joshua  M.  Wallace,  M.D. 


1840 

John  Wistar,  lumber  merchant. 

" 

B.  Wyatt  Wistar,  merchant. 

1841 

Richard  Willing. 

1844 

Charles  Willing,  IM.D. 

1845 

Horatio  C.  Wood,  merchant. 

" 

John  R.  Worrell. 

«' 

William  Welsh. 

1846 

Samuel  Welsh. 

'» 

David  Woelpper,  Jr  ,  butcher. 

" 

George  Woelpper,    butcher. 

1848 

Robert  F.  Walsh. 

" 

William  Weightman,  manufactur 

ing  chemist. 

" 

Thomas  H.  White. 

1851 

Richard  D.  Wood,   merchant. 

<< 

John  M.  Whitall. 

1852 

James  Whitall. 

1853 

Charles  S.  Wurtz. 

1854 

R.  Sterling  Wilson. 

" 

Edward  S.  Whelan. 

" 

Peter  Williamson. 

" 

Henry  J.  Williams. 

1855 

S.  Morris  Wain. 

" 

Rebecca  White, 

1856 

J.  Ringgold  Wilmer. 

" 

Benjamin  H.  Warder. 

" 

Elizabeth  Wistar. 

" 

Isaac  S.  Waterman. 

t( 

Dilwynn  AVistar. 

" 

Caleb  Cresson  Wistar. 

" 

Bartholomew  Wistar. 

" 

G.  D.  Wetherill  &  Co. 

i< 

C.  R.  &  S.  Welsh. 

" 

Charlotte  W.  Wetherill. 

" 

Rachel  P.  Wetherill. 

<« 

Thomas  B    Wattsoii. 

" 

John  W.  Wallace. 

" 

Francis  R.  Wjiarton. 

'< 

Edward  S.  Wiielan. 

»' 

Welsford  &  Wilson. 

(1 

Mrs.  Samuel  Welsh. 

<t 

Benjamin  P.  Williams. 

" 

Samuel  Williams. 

" 

Thomas  R.  Williams. 

«» 

Isabella  Williams. 

(1 

Asa  Whitney  &  Sons. 

" 

Wm.  Woodnut. 

" 

John  R.  Wilmer. 

" 

Joseph  Warner. 

«' 

Isaac  S.  Williams. 

" 

Albert  Worrell. 

" 

John  ('.  Weber. 

" 

Tobias  Wagner. 

" 

Rathmcl  Wilson. 

a 

Samuel  Walley. 

<i 

Geo.  W.  Watson. 

1857 

Ambrose  White. 

(( 

William  W.irner,  Jr. 

" 

George  M.  Warner. 

" 

Harriet  Warner. 

144 


1857  Ciitlmrine  A.  Wnrner. 
'*  Thomas  F.  Wliarton. 
*'       Malilon  Williamson. 
"       William  S.  Wilson. 

•'  l)avid  S.  Wincbrenncr. 

'♦  Georjie  J.  Weaver. 

"  Waterman,  Oi^horne  &  Co. 

•'  William  11.  White. 

"  John  Wise. 

"  Charles  Wise. 

"  John  Wright. 

"  James  D.  Wetham. 

"  John  Woodsiile  &  Co. 

"  Thomas  Williamson. 

*'  Isaiah  V.  Williamson. 

"  R.  A.  and  J.  J.  Williams  &  Co. 

"  Howard  Williams. 

"  James  M.  Wilcox  &  Co. 

•'  John  Welsh. 

1858  John  Wiegand. 

"  Mary  Ann  Williams. 

'«  E.  S.  Whelan  &  Co. 

"  Wm    Wilson  &  Sons. 

"  AVilliam  Wainwright. 

"  Robert  Whitaker. 

"  Morris  S.  Wickersham. 

"  Ellerslie  Wallace. 

"  C.  W.  Warnick. 

"  D.  N.  Wetzler. 

"  Weaver  &  Volkner. 

1859  J.  V.  Watson. 
"  Robert  West. 

"  David  Woelpper. 

"  Mary  Wagner. 

"  John  Werst. 

"  J.  T.  Way. 

"  Passmore  Williamson. 

"  0.  Howard  Wilson. 

"  George  F.  Womrath. 

"  Warner,  Miskey  &  Merrill. 

"  William  Wilstach. 

"  .James  A.  Wright. 

"  Richard  Wright. 

"  George  A.  Wright. 

"  Samuel  Wright. 

"  Jos.  P.  W'ilson,  of  West  Chester. 

'«  John  R.  Walker. 

"  Wetherill  &  Bro, 

"  John  Welsh,  Jr. 

"  Mrs.  Asa  W'hitney. 

"  Geo.  D.  Wetherill. 

"  John  R.  Worrell. 

"  Mark  Wilco.^. 

"  Wise,  Pusey  &  Wise. 

"  Thomas  Wilson,  M.D. 

"  Mary  R.  Welsh. 

'«  Anna  M.  Welsh. 

"  Mary  Wbitall. 

'«  C.  B.  AVright. 

"  R.  J.  Watson. 


1859  Mrs.  Charles  Wood. 
•«  Samuel  Watt. 

1860  George  Wrinlcr. 
•'  Sarali  Wistar. 

"  Workmen  Factory  of  Code,  Hop- 
per &  Gratz. 

"  James  P.  Wilson. 

"  Henry  R.  Worthington,  of  N.  Y. 

"  Rebecca  M.  Welsh. 

"  Josephine  E.  Welsh. 

"  Wood  &  Perot. 

18G3  Lewis  T.  Wattson. 
18G4  Dr.  Ellwood  Wilson. 

"  Work,  McCouch  &,  Co. 

"  Richard  D.  Wood  &  Co. 

"  Joseph  Wharton. 

"  Gideon  G.  Wescott. 

"  Charles  W.  Wharton. 

"  Edward  M.  Wright. 

"  Whitall,  Tatum  &  Co. 

"  Henry  L.  Wain. 

"  Edward  Wain. 

1865  Annie  Wain. 

"  Henry  Wharton. 

'•  Horace  Williams. 

"  John  Pi.  Wercherer. 

"  Thomas  Wistar,  M.D. 

"  Geo.  B.  Wood. 

"  Horatio  C.  Wood,  Jr.,  M  D. 

"  John  B.  Wood. 

"  James  F.  Wood. 

"  William  E.  Wood. 

"  Caleb  \Vood. 

1866  Alex.  WhilUlen  &  Sons. 

1867  Whelan,  Townsend  &  Co. 
"  John  R.  White  &  Son. 

"  Henry  Wallace. 

"  Sallie  N.  Wain. 

"  John  H.  Williams. 

"  Charles  Wheeler. 

"  R.  &  G.  A.  Wright. 

"  Samuel  J.  White. 

1868  Joseph  Lapsley  Wilson. 
"  Richard  Wood. 

1870  Redwood  F.  Warner. 

"  Charles  H.  Wagner. 

1872  S.  D.  Walton. 

"  Wm.  Wynne  Wistar. 

1873  George  Watson. 
1875  Jane  G.  Wilson. 


1754  Francis  Yarnall. 

1756  Thomas  York. 

1776  William  Young,  potter  (in  earth- 

ernware). 
1781   Peter  Yarnall,  M.D. 
1785  Ellis  Yarnall,  merchant. 


145 


1807 

Samuel  Yoike. 

1813 

Beiijivmin  H.  Yarnall,   iron-mon- 

1856 

ger. 
Chark'S  Young. 

•  < 

Alexander  Young. 

II 

Charles  Yarnall. 

1857 

William  H.  Yeaton. 

" 

William  J    Young. 

1858 

Mary  Ann  Yardley. 
Edward  Yarnall. 

1859 

Yard,  Gil  more  &  Co. 

•  ' 

Howard  Yarnall. 

1860  Yarnall  &  Cooper. 
1867  James  T.  Young. 


1754  Lloyd  Zacbary. 

"       Isaac  Zane. 

"      Jonathan  Zane. 
1759  Nathan  Zane. 
1777  Isaac  Zane,  Jr. 
1792  William  Zane. 


THE  CONTRIBUTIONS  OF  THE  PENN  FAMILY. 

Thomas  and  Richard  Penn,  sons  of  the  distinguished  founder 
of  Pennsylvania,  contributed  (1762  to  1775)  nearly  $1500  to  the 
purposes  of  tliis  charity  ;  and,  further,  by  patent  dated  November 
10,  1767,  gave,  to  complete  the  Hospital  square,  a  lot  of  ground, 
extending  on  Spruce  Street,  from  8th  to  9th  Streets,  396  feet,  and 
southwards  a  depth  of  107  feet  on  8th  and  9th  Streets  respectively. 
They  likewise  gave  to  the  Hospital,  by  patent  dated  in  1769,  a  lot 
on  Spruce  Street,  extending  west  from  9th  Street,  198  feet,  and 
southwardl}-  in  depth  107  feet  to  other  land  of  the  Hospital; 
being  part  of  the  lot  on  which  Portico  Square  is  now  built. 


Contributions  to  this  charity  are  received  by  John  T.  Lewis, 
Treasurer,  or  either  of  the  Managers  or  Stewards. 

Bequests  should  be  made  in  the  corporate  name,  to  "  The 
Contributors  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital." 


10 


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